Abstract: The paper expatiated on the evolution of fuel consumption and emission regulations, current status, and the future plans in China. The development and application of gasoline engine and emission technology under new fuel consumption and emission laws were delved. Based on the inspection on several batches of CN Ⅳ and CN Ⅴ gasoline, the change of distillation, aromatics content, and vapor pressure were analyzed after the introduction of the CN Ⅴ gasoline emission standards. The effect of these indicators on gasoline engine and emission post-treatment technology was clarified. The requirements of engine technology for fuel were suggested. The results indicate that after CN Ⅴ gasoline was brought into effect, more problems exist, such as heavy components, high aromatics content, low vapor pressure in winter, resulting in abnormal running with higher fuel consumption and poorer emission if the new engine and emission technology are applied. Therefore, to improve the fuel consumption and emissions, the strict control of fuel indicators and the quality of fuels are necessary.