3D打印一体式多孔功能材料研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 3D打印（增材制造）是一种通过计算机控制制造出被打印对象的成长型加工方式，借助3D打印技术将分子筛等传统多孔材料加工为整体式多孔功能材料，可突破传统制备方法局限，获得实用性更强、性能更优、用途更广的功能材料。综述了基于3D打印技术制备一体式多孔功能材料（3D-PFM）的研究进展，具体阐述了3D-PFM的制备方法，包括3D打印工艺选择、打印“墨水”配置、打印体结构设计；讨论了3D-PFM主要性质，包括孔结构特性、酸性和强度；总结了3D-PFM在吸附/分离与催化等领域的应用情况。指出3D-PFM材料未来应加速研发新型打印耗材，重点发展开发一体式骨架材料原位功能化策略，同时聚焦3D-PFM 构效关系，强化3D-PFM 制备与应用过程中的机理研究。

关键词: 3D打印, 多孔材料, 一体式材料, 孔结构, 吸附分离

Abstract: 3D-printing (also known as additive manufacturing) is a kind of growing processing method which can produce printed objects in a manner of "layer-by-layer stacking" by computer modeling. With the help of 3D printing technology, traditional porous materials such as zeolites can be processed into porous functional materials. The invention can break through the limitation of the traditional preparation method and be used to obtain functional materials with better practicability, better performance and wider usage. The research progress of integrated porous functional materials (3D-PFM) based on 3D printing technology was reviewed, and the preparation methods of 3D-PFM, including the selection of 3D-PFM printing process, the configuration of printing "ink" and the structure design of printing body, were described in detail. Major characteristics (porosity, acidity and compressive strength) of different 3D-PFMs were discussed. Besides, the applications of 3D-PFMs in the field of adsorption/separation and catalysis were briefly summarized. It was pointed out that in the future we should devote to the research and development of novel print consumables, focus on the development of in-situ functionalization strategy of integrated skeleton materials, focus on the structure-effect relationship of 3D-PFM, and strengthen the mechanism research in the process of preparation and application of 3D-PFM.

Key words: 3D-printing, porous material, monolith, pore structure, adsorption separation

王若瑜韩蕾任黎明林伟王鹏. 3D打印一体式多孔功能材料研究进展[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2021, 52(5): 117-126.

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