石油炼制与化工 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 43-51.

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

脂肪酸多相选择性加氢制备脂肪醇研究进展

于松印,崔钰函,刘洋,梁长海,李闯   

  1. 大连理工大学化工学院
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-13 修回日期:2023-11-06 出版日期:2024-02-12 发布日期:2024-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 李闯 E-mail:chuangli@dlut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    高校基本科研业务费;国家自然科学基金资助项目

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FOR SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF FATTY ACIDS TO ALCOHOLS

  • Received:2023-10-13 Revised:2023-11-06 Online:2024-02-12 Published:2024-01-29

摘要: 脂肪醇是合成润滑剂、洗涤剂和表面活性剂等的重要原料,油脂加氢法制备脂肪醇因具有环境友好及原料来源广泛等优点而成为最具有发展前景的脂肪醇制备方法之一。油脂选择性加氢制备脂肪醇的核心是高选择性,而催化剂是保证高选择性和反应速率的关键。天然油脂或者模型化合物(如脂肪酸)催化加氢脱氧首先会生成极不稳定的中间体脂肪醛,脂肪醛再氢化生成稳定的脂肪醇或者脱羰生成烷烃,脂肪醇过度氢化也会生成长链烷烃,这就要求催化剂对于脂肪醛中羰基和脂肪醇中羟基的氧原子具有较弱的吸附能力。基于此,对于油脂加氢常用的非均相催化剂,从活性金属、金属促进剂及载体3个方面进行介绍,讨论了油脂选择性加氢反应机理以及提升脂肪醇选择性的方法,并对油脂选择性加氢制备脂肪醇催化剂的设计提出新的思路。

关键词: 脂肪醇, 非均相催化剂, 活性金属, 金属促进剂, 载体

Abstract: Fatty alcoholsare important raw materials for the synthesis lubricants, detergents and surfactants. The oil hydrogenation method has become one of the most promising methods for the preparation of fatty alcohols due to its advantages of environmental friendliness and wide source of raw materials. The core of selective hydrogenation of oil to prepare fatty alcohols is high selectivity, and the catalyst is the keyto ensure high selectivity and reaction rate. Because the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of natural oils or model compounds (such as fatty acids) will first generate extremely unstable intermediate fatty aldehydes, fatty aldehydes will be hydrogenated into stable fatty alcohols or decarbonylated to alkanes, and excessive hydrogenation of fatty alcohols will also generate growth chain alkanes, which requires the catalyst to have a weak adsorption capacity for the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group in the fatty aldehyde and the hydroxyl group in the fatty alcohol.Based on this, the heterogeneous catalysts commonly used in oil hydrogenation were introduced from three aspects: active metal, metal promoter and carrier,and the mechanism of oil selective hydrogenation, and the methodsto improve the selectivity of fatty alcoholswere discussed. A new idea for the design of catalysts for preparationof fatty alcoholby oil selective hydrogenation was proposed.

Key words: fatty alcohol, heterogeneous catalyst, reactive metal, metal accelerators, carrier