超临界流体技术及其在重油处理中的应用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超临界流体具有低黏度和高溶解能力，已作为新型绿色溶剂被广泛应用在医药、材料、石油炼化等领域。在重油处理过程中引入超临界流体可降低体系黏度，从而强化沥青质传质能力，提高加氢反应速率，抑制结焦，以延长催化剂寿命，是一种节能环保低碳的新型重油处理方案。对超临界流体的概念、性质进行了总结，对不同种类的超临界溶剂在重油处理中的应用研究进行了综述，最后对超临界流体处理重油的发展方向和前景进行了展望。

关键词: 超临界水, 超临界芳烃, 萃取, 重油, 加氢改质, 供氢溶剂, 沥青质

Abstract: Supercritical fluids, characterized by low viscosity and high solubility, have been widely utilized as new type of green solvents in fields such as pharmaceuticals, materials, and petroleum refining. The introduction of supercritical fluid into the upgrading process of heavy oil can not only enhance the mass transfer capacity for asphaltene but also accelerate the rate of hydrogenation reaction by reducing the viscosity of the system, particularly prolonging the catalyst lifetime by inhibiting coking. This approach represents an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-carbon solution for heavy oil treatment. The concept and properties of supercritical fluids are summarized, and the application researches of different types of supercritical solvents in heavy oil processing are reviewed. The directions and prospects of supercritical fluid treatment in heavy oil were outlined.

Key words: supercritical water, supercritical aromatic hydrocarbons, extraction, heavy oil, hydroupgrading, hydrogen-donor solvent, asphaltene

刘清蕴杨清河卢玉涛杨鹏. 超临界流体技术及其在重油处理中的应用[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2025, 56(11): 145-152.

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