丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 丙烷脱氢制丙烯技术作为丙烷高值化利用和丙烯生产的重要途径，主要包括直接脱氢（DHP）和氧化脱氢（ODHP）两种工艺路线。尽管DHP已实现工业化应用，但仍面临热力学平衡限制、高能耗及催化剂积炭等问题。相比之下，ODHP工艺能够突破热力学限制，显著提高丙烷单程转化率，展现出良好的应用前景。综述了ODHP催化剂的研究进展，重点分析了金属催化剂（钒基、Mo/Ni基、钴基）及非金属催化剂（硼基和碳基）这两大类催化体系研究进展，探讨了金属和非金属催化剂上的反应机理以及反应工程与工艺优化方面的最新成果，弥补了传统ODHP存在的过度氧化导致丙烯选择性和收率不高等缺陷。展望未来，应聚焦于高选择性催化剂开发、反应机理深入解析以及氧化剂体系优化3个关键方向，推动ODHP技术的工业化进程。

关键词: 丙烷, 氧化脱氢, 丙烯, 催化剂, 反应机理

Abstract: Propane dehydrogenation is a key industrial process for propane utilization and propylene production, including direct dehydrogenation of propane (DHP) and oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP). Although DHP has been industrialized, it still faces issues such as thermodynamic equilibrium limitations, high energy consumption, and coke deposition on catalyst. ODHP, by contrast, can break through thermodynamic limitations and enable higher single-pass propane conversion, demonstrating good application prospects. Herein, the recent progress in two types of ODHP catalysts was comprehensively reviewed: metal catalysts (vanadium based, Mo/Ni based, cobalt based) and non-metal catalysts (boron based and carbon based).The reaction mechanisms on metal and non-metal catalysts, and the latest achievements in reaction engineering and process optimization were explored, which can made up for the shortcomings of traditional ODHP, such as excessive oxidation leading to low selectivity and yield of propylene. In future, we should focus on three key directions: the development of efficient catalysts, clarification of reaction mechanisms, and optimization of oxidant systems, to promote the industrialization of ODHP technology.

Key words: propane, oxidative dehydrogenation, propylene, catalyst, mechanism

凌云曾壮李斌夏长久. 丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯研究进展[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(1): 119-129.

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