油田废液残渣重金属稳定剂的配制及其稳定性能研究

石油炼制与化工 ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 150-158.

油田废液残渣重金属稳定剂的配制及其稳定性能研究

席晨浩,谭志海,龙彦汐,周飞

西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院

收稿日期:2025-12-11 修回日期:2026-01-18 出版日期:2026-05-12 发布日期:2026-04-24
通讯作者: 席晨浩 E-mail:296842490@qq.com
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基础研究项目

PREPARATION AND STABILIZATION PERFORMANCE OF HEAVY METAL STABILIZER FOR OILFIELD WASTEWATER RESIDUE

Received:2025-12-11 Revised:2026-01-18 Online:2026-05-12 Published:2026-04-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对油田废液残渣中重金属污染问题及其现场处置需求，配制了一种由Na₂S、KH₂PO₄和菌渣组成的复合稳定剂，并通过正交试验优化稳定剂配比，确定其最佳质量组成。结果表明：重金属复合稳定剂最佳质量组成为0.015% Na₂S、0.12% KH₂PO₄和5%菌渣；该复合稳定剂可显著降低Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb等重金属的浸出毒性，稳定效率为75%～92%，浸出质量浓度均满足相关标准限值；Tessier形态分析结果显示，该稳定剂促进重金属由可交换态与碳酸盐态向可氧化态和残渣态转化，降低其环境迁移性；微生物相容性分析结果表明，该稳定剂对残渣中原生微生物数量和细胞形态无明显抑制作用，多批次残渣试验结果验证了复合稳定剂的稳定化效果与适用性。

关键词: 油田废液残渣, 重金属稳定化, 复合稳定剂, 浸出毒性, 微生物相容性

Abstract: In response to the heavy metal contamination in oilfield wastewater residues and the on-site treatment requirement, a composite stabilizing agent composed of sodium sulfide (Na₂S), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), and microbial residue was formulated. An orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize the stabilizer formulation and determine its optimal mass composition. The results indicated that the optimal composition of the composite stabilizer was 0.015% Na₂S,0.12% KH₂PO₄, and 5% microbial residue. The composite stabilizer significantly reduced the leaching toxicity concentrations of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, with stabilization efficiencies ranging from 75% to 92%, and all leaching toxicity concentrations met the relevant regulatory limits. Tessier sequential extraction analysis showed that the stabilizer promoted the transformation of heavy metals from exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions to oxidizable and residual fractions, thereby reducing their environmental mobility. Microbial compatibility analysis demonstrated that the stabilizer had no significant inhibitory effects on the abundance and morphology of indigenous microorganisms in the residues. Furthermore, multi-batch residue experiments confirmed the stabilization performance and applicability of the composite stabilizer.

Key words: oilfield wastewater residue, heavy metal stabilization, composite stabilizing agent, leaching toxicity, microbial compatibility

席晨浩谭志海龙彦汐周飞. 油田废液残渣重金属稳定剂的配制及其稳定性能研究[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(5): 150-158.

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