沸石固相离子交换改性技术研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 离子交换技术是精确调控沸石酸性、孔道尺寸及活性位点分布的重要手段之一。传统液相离子交换法虽应用广泛，但存在耗时长、废水量大及交换量低等问题，提高沸石离子交换效率并降低能耗和污染是急需解决的重大难题。固相离子交换过程（SSIE）废液产生量低且交换速率高，突破了液相离子交换技术的诸多局限，然而目前针对SSIE过程的基本原理和工艺优化研究非常有限。基于此，围绕SSIE过程的作用机理，以及沸石类型、金属种类、热处理气氛对交换效果的影响和现存挑战进行深入探讨，详细对比分析液相离子交换技术和固相离子交换技术工艺特点，为未来沸石绿色改性方法的研究提供参考。

关键词: 沸石, 固相离子交换, 多孔材料, 催化剂改性

Abstract: Ion exchange is a crucial technique for precisely tuning the acidity, pore size, and active site distribution of zeolites. Although the traditional liquid ion exchange (LIE) method is widely used, it suffers from issues such as long processing times, large wastewater generation, and low exchange capacity. Enhancing the efficiency of zeolite ion exchange while reducing energy consumption and pollution remains a significant challenge in the field. Solid-state ion exchange (SSIE) offers advantages such as low wastewater production and faster exchange rates, overcoming many limitations of LIE. However, fundamental research on the principles and process optimization of SSIE is still limited. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the ion exchange mechanism in SSIE, focusing on the influence of zeolite types, metal types, and thermal treatment conditions on exchange efficiencyas well as the existing challenges. It also offers a detailed comparison of the characteristics of LIE and SSIE, providing valuable insights for future research on green modification methods for zeolites.

Key words: zeolite, solid-state ion exchange, porous material, catalyst modification

黄仁强窦乐俞伟周子淇严文娟金鑫杨朝合. 沸石固相离子交换改性技术研究进展[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(3): 166-172.

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