Table of Content

12 February 2010, Volume 41 Issue 2

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基础研究

CRACKING REACTIVITY OF ALKYLAROMATICS AND THE REACTION PATHWAY OF BENZENE FORMATION

Xiaoli Wei Chao-Gang Xie

2010, 41(2):  1-6.  doi:

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The reactivity of alkylaromatics and reaction pathways of benzene formation during alkylaromatics cracking over acidic catalyst were investigated under a reaction temperature range of 450～600℃ using toluene, cumene, n-amylbenzene and phenylcyclohexane as model compounds. Test results show that under the reaction conditions toluene is hard to crack and the formation of benzene is mainly by disproportionation. When the number of side chain carbon is over 3, these alkylaromatics are prone to side chain cracking and benzene is mainly formed by dealkylation. Furthermore, with the increase of carbon number in the side chain，the selectivity of side chain cracking increases, thus, the formation of benzene is reduced.

POLYMERIZATION AND CYCLIZATION OF OLEFINS IN THE HYDROTREATING OF FCC NAPHTHA

2010, 41(2):  7-10.  doi:

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The chemical reactions of olefins happened during the hydrotreating of FCC naphtha (FCCN) are introduced. Hydrosaturations of olefins are the main reaction, minor side-reactions including polymerization and cyclization of olefins also occur simultaneously. Polymerization among C4, C5 and C6 olefins are easy to happen and form larger molecules, such as C9, C10 and C11 olefins or paraffins. Cyclization of olefins is mainly to generate C6~C10 cyclic hydrocarbons, in particular, the incremental range of C6 cyclic hydrocarbons could reach around 30%. The cyclization reactions of olefins are affected less by reaction temperature, yet greater by hydrogen partial pressure; especially under the high hydrogen partial pressure conditions the effect of pressure is significant.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SSZ-13 MOLECULAR SIEVE

2010, 41(2):  11-15.  doi:

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Using silica sol, aluminum sulfate, sodium hydroxide, deionized water as raw materials and N,N,N-trimethyl-l-adamantammonium hydroxide (R) as template, SSZ-13 molecular sieve was synthesized by traditional hydrothermal method. Factors affected the synthesis of SSZ-13 molecular sieve were investigated and the optimal synthesis conditions were obtained as follows: n(SiO2)/n(A12O3)＝40，n(Na2O) /n(A12O3)＝16，n(R2O)/n(A12O3)＝5，n(H2O)/n(A12O3)＝900，crystallizing at 155℃ for 3 days. The samples were characterized by XRD，SEM and FT-IR techniques. Results showed that sample obtained under the optimal conditions exhibited good crystallization and the time of crystallization was much shorter than reported. When promoter was added during synthesis the crystallization time could be further reduced to 2 days, indicating that the cost of synthesis was lowered.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PREPARATION CONDITIONS OF TiO2-Al2O3 COMPOSITE SUPPORT

shi yan

2010, 41(2):  16-21.  doi:

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Samples of TiO2-Al2O3 composite support were prepared using modified sol-gel method and the effects of preparation conditions were investigated. The prepared samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, XRD and TEM techniques. Results showed that samples prepared according to the procedure of trickling titanium sol into the mixture of alumina and ethanol possessed large specific surface area; TiO2 and Al2O3 existed as anatase and γ-Al2O3 crystals in the composite support, respectively; fine nano-TiO2 particles were well distributed on the Al2O3 crystal surfaces. The optimal preparation conditions of TiO2-Al2O3 composite support were as follows: using the procedure of trickling titanium sol into the mixture of alumina and ethanol, with a template/tetrabutyl titanate molar ratio of 0.5, using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as template and a calcination temperation of 550 ℃.

加工工艺

TECHNICAL ANALYSIS AND MEASURES FOR MAXIMIZING GASOLINE PRODUCTION IN FCC UNIT

2010, 41(2):  22-26.  doi:

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Maximizing gasoline production in No.1 FCC unit of SINOPEC Jinling Company was introduced. The technical principles to increase gasoline yield were reviewed from the view of FCC feedstock, catalyst, reaction severity and product separation. Technical measures, such as adding heavy diesel fractions in feed to reduce residue blended ratio and improve feedstock properties; optimizing operation conditions to reach full capacity production; broadening the gasoline boiling range by increase gasoline dry point and decrease the overlapping of gasoline and diesel fractions, were proposed and realized to enhance the gasoline yield.

AN APPLICATION OF MIP PROCESS IN FCC UNIT

2010, 41(2):  27-29.  doi:

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The application of MIP process developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing in the FCC unit of Zhongyuan Petrochemical Company was introduced. The one year operation data showed that the olefin content and sulfur content of the gasoline post to revamping were lower than those of prior to revamping, such as the olefin volume content was dropped from 40% to 25%~35% and sulfur content was decreased from around 600 µg/g to less than 500µg/g, the product slates were good. Besides, processing fee and the energy consumption of the unit were reduced.

INFLUENCE OF SUPERCRITICAL SOLVENT DEASPHALTING OPERATION PARAMETERS ON THE DE-OILED ASPHALT OF LIAOHE HEAVY CRUDE VACUUM RESIDUUM

Sun Xianfeng Sun Xue-Wen Suo-Qi ZHAO

2010, 41(2):  30-34.  doi:

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De-oiled asphalt (DOA) was obtained from a supercritical solvent deasphalting device using vacuum residuum of Liaohe heavy crude as feed and it was manufactured to particles by PGSS process directly. The effects of operation parameters on the yield, properties and particle size distributions of DOA were investigated under a pressure range of 5.0~7.0 MPa and a temperature range of 150~165℃. Results show that with the increase of pressure and decrease of temperature, the DOA yield decreases and the specific heat capacity of constant pressure decreases as well, yet the softening point of DOA increases. It is also shown that with the increase of system pressure and the decrease of temperature, the formation of small size asphalt particles were in favored, the mass fraction of less than 50 mesh particles reaches more than 66%. The DOA properties varied with the variation of system pressure and temperature, thus affecting the particle size distributions of DOA.

催化剂

CHARACTERIZATION OF TS-1 MOLECULAR SIEVE BY VARIOUS PREPARATION SCALES AND THEIR CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE FOR PROPYLENE EPOXIDATION

Ben-xian Shen

2010, 41(2):  35-40.  doi:

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Samples of titanium-silicalite molecular sieve were prepared in various size autoclaves (0.2 L, 2 L, 100 L and 2 m3) by using complex agent to improve the stability of titanium source. These samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and micro-structure analysis techniques, and their catalytic performances for propylene epoxidation were also studied. Results showed that the samples of TS-1 molecular sieve prepared by various scales exhibited the same framework structure and having uniform crystals. Using catalysts prepared by these TS-1 samples under the same reaction conditions, the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and the selectivity of propylene oxide were all more than 90%, which indicated that the enlargement of TS-1 molecular sieve preparation was successful and easy to be reproduced.

EFFECT OF NANO-Cu(OH)2/SiO2 CATALYST PREPARATION CONDITIONS ON ITS CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF FURFURAL HYDROGENATION

2010, 41(2):  41-44.  doi:

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The nano-Cu(OH)2/SiO2 catalysts for furfural hydrogenation were prepared through co-precipitation method and characterized by XRD and BET techniques. The effect of catalyst preparation conditions, such as solutions adding sequence, alkali concentration, reaction temperature and aging time on its catalytic performance was investigated. Test results showed that under the optimum conditions of co-adding both solutions, an alkali concentration of 2.8 mol/L, an aging time of 1 h, a preparation temperature of 30 ℃ and a stirring speed of 400 r/min, the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic performance for furfural hydrogenation, the conversion of furfural and the selectivity of furfuryl alcohol was 97% and 96.6%, respectively.

油品与添加剂

CAUSE ANALYSIS OF JET FUEL CONTAMINATED BY OIL TANK TRUCK

2010, 41(2):  45-48.  doi:

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Causes for failure silver strip test of jet fuel post to tanker transport were discussed. By analyzing the results of silver strip corrosion test, doctor test, determination of mercaptan sulfur, contents of sulfur and nitrogen in jet fuel post to tanker transport，it was found that the existence of H2S, SO2, SO3, sulfuric acid and sulfuric esters in jet fuel was nearly impossible, the silver strip corrosion should be mainly caused by sulfide corrosion. Simulation test of transporting jet fuel by tanker was carried out and results showed that the dissolving of elementary sulfur from inner tank wall to fuel caused the unqualified silver strip corrosion test.

COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF LIGHT FRACTIONS FROM ISODEWAXING UNIT

2010, 41(2):  49-53.  doi:

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The properties of light fractions (including naphtha, jet fuel and light hydrogenated lube base oil) from the 300 kt/a lube isodewaxing unit of SINOPEC Shanghai Gaoqiao Company were reviewed and a proposal for optimizing utilization of these fractions was presented, such as producing AR petroleum ether from naphtha; superior odorless kerosene and rolling oil of aluminum foil from jet fuel fraction; transformer oil, high quality white oil and jelly wax from light base oil fraction.

INVESTIGATION ON THE OXIDATION STABILITY OF RUBBER SEED OIL BIODIESEL AND ITS IMPROVEMENT

2010, 41(2):  54-58.  doi:

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The oxidation stability of rubber seed oil (RSO) biodiesel was investigated by using SH/T0690, SH/T0175 and EN14112 test methods to observe the changes in peroxide value (PV), kinematic viscosity (KV), acid value (AV), iodine value (IV), insolubles and induction period. Results show that PV, KV, AV and insolubles of the RSO biodiesel increase, IV decreases during oxidation tests. The iso-octane insolubles are much higher than the total insolubles, which indicate that great attention should be paid when mixing RSO biodiesel with mineral diesel fuel. The oxidation stability of RSO biodiesel is poor, its induction period can not meet the requirement of National Standard for biodiesel, yet it could be improved by adding antioxidants significantly. With antioxidants the induction period of RSO biodiesel could well meet the requirement of National Standard. The tested five antioxidants all exhibit good effectiveness, and BS100 is the best.

节能

ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS AND SAVING MEASURES OF FCC UNIT PROCESSING HEAVY OIL

2010, 41(2):  59-63.  doi:

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The energy consumption status of the No.2 FCC unit in SINOPEC Yansan Company was reviewed and measures for energy saving were proposed, such as reducing coke formation in reaction zone, revamping the waste heat boiler, recovering the low temperature waste heat, optimizing the operation of circulating water system and enhancing the integration of heat utilization among units. Since adopting these measures the energy consumption was reduced significantly, from 3342.06 MJ/t in 2004 to 2103.55 MJ/t in 2008.

ENERGY INTEGRATION AND UTILIZATION OF LOW-LEVEL HEAT IN PETROLEUM PROCESSING

Menghai Tang

2010, 41(2):  64-68.  doi:

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Based on the analysis of energy transfer characteristics, distribution of low-level heat resources and sinks, a new method about process energy integration and utilization of low-level heat in petroleum processing is proposed, which combines mathematical planning and heuristic method. The energy integration covers total energy planning (TEP), direct heat exchange among various processing units, materials supply in high temperature, unit inner energy integration, recovering and applying low-level heat systematically, operation of steam power system. The utilization of low-level heat includes estimation and classification of low level heat resources and sinks, establishment of hot water sub-networks, and flexibility analysis of total hot water system. A practical application of this proposal in SINOPEC Luoyang Company shows that an energy conservation of 97.8 MJ/t was obtained, i.e. a 41 million RMB saving annually.

设备及防腐

CORROSION INHIBITION PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS CORROSION INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS TO 10# CARBON STEEL IN ACIDIC SYSTEM

Ren Xiaoguang

2010, 41(2):  69-72.  doi:

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By testing the corrosion rate of carbon steel in a simulating corrosion system, the corrosion inhibition performance of three corrosion inhibitors (2-methyl imidazone, N-methyl diethanolamine and thiourea) and their compounds was investigated. Results showed that at 40℃ and a system pH value of 2, these three corrosion inhibitors used separately exhibited certain inhibition effect to the corrosion of 10# carbon steel in acidic system, and the inhibition performance of the former two was better than that of thiourea. Synergistic effect was observed when these inhibitors compounded with sodium molybdate, sodium tungstate and azimino-benzene, respectively.

环境保护

DISPOSAL OF REFINING WASTEWATER WITH IMMOBILIZED BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED CARBON

2010, 41(2):  73-76.  doi:

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The refining wastewater was disposed by coagulation-sand filtration-IBAC technology. The treatment effect was assessed by turbidity and COD. Results showed that under the conditions of an added dosage of FAPS and PAM was 4 mL/L and 1.0 mL/L, respectively; the speed of sand filtration was 30 mL/min and the height of sand leach column was 40 cm; the HRT of IBAC was 30 min and the height of IBAC column was 40 cm, the average removal rate of turbidity for these three operating units was 84.17%, 96.36% and 97.22%, respectively; the average removal rate of COD was 52.37%, 62.13% and 79.45%, respectively.