PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

A REVIEW AND COMPARISON OF DELAYED COKING TECHNOLOGY

2010, 41(1): 1-5. doi:

Asbtract ( 2068 )

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The feedstock, operating conditions, process flow, major equipments, environmental and safety designs for delayed coking unit were reviewed including home and abroad. Based on the comparison, problems existed in domestic delayed coking were summarized and some suggestions, such as maximizing the distillates yield, reducing recycle ratio and coking time to increase throughput, adopting distillates recycle technology to improve product slates and enhancing the adaptability of processing poor quality residue feeds were proposed.

STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC IN THE ESTERIFICATION DEACIDIFICATION OF HIGH ACID CRUDE OIL

liz

2010, 41(1): 6-10. doi:

Asbtract ( 1886 )

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Ultrasonic was applied in the acid removal treatment of high acid crude using glycerol as esterification deacidification agent. The effects of the molar ratio of alcohol to acid, reaction temperature, reaction time and ultrasonic power on the autocatalytic esterification of Duba crude oil were investigated. Results showed that under the optimum conditions of a alcohol/acid molar ratio of 6, a reaction temperature of 250℃, a reaction time of 30 min and an ultrasonic power of 90 W, the acid number of Duba crude oil was reduced to 0.21 mgKOH•g-1 from the original 4.74 mgKOH•g-1 and the acid removal rate reached 95.6%. Comparing with using magnetic stirring, better deacidification results were obtained under ultrasonic treatment at 220℃. The properties of treated oil sample only had minor changes.

PREPARATION OF ETHYLENE AND PROPYLENE BY COUPLED CRACKING OF METHANOL AND C4 ALKENES

2010, 41(1): 11-15. doi:

Asbtract ( 2036 )

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Preparation of ethylene and propylene by coupled cracking of methanol and C4 alkenes is investigated on a fix-bed down-flow reactor. The characteristics of the product distributions are studied under two coupled cracking modes, constant feed partial pressure mode and constant load of catalyst mode. Results show that the production of ethylene and propylene is enhanced in coupled cracking of methanol and C4 alkenes, and the formation of by-products, methane and carbonoxide, is inhibited significantly; the induction period of methanol conversion is shortened; the conversion of C4 alkenes is promoted and the content of C5+ hydrocarbons is increased. A comparison of the two coupled cracking modes indicates that the formation of propylene is benefited by the constant catalyst load mode.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF MULTI-COMPONENT SLURRY GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY TO PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY

2010, 41(1): 16-20. doi:

Asbtract ( 1924 )

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Based on analyzing the problems existed in conventional petroleum refining industry including lack of cheap hydrogen resources, poor quality petroleum coke and huge wastewater, a proposal of combining hydrogenation processes with multi-component slurry gasification (MCSG) technology is presented, and its feasibility is studied. Results show that adopting MCSG technology in petroleum refining industry could obtain cheap hydrogen resources and could reduce pollution caused by high sulfur petroleum coke and huge refining wastewater simultaneously. The MCSG technology using petroleum coke and wastewater as feed is mature and it is easy to be combined with refining units.

CAUSES ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF COKING ON FURNACE TUBE IN DELAYED COKING UNIT

2010, 41(1): 21-25. doi:

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Analysis on the variations of SARA content and metal content of the feedstock in delayed coking unit, and comparison of the operation parameters prior and post to coking on tube in radiation zone was carried out. It was found that residue feedstock high in saturated hydrocarbon, resin and asphaltene contents, low in aromatic content exhibited high coking tendency. Measures, such as using high recycle ratio to increase the ratio of aromatics to asphaltene and to speed up the flow rate of cold oil in radiation zone tubes, adjusting the wall temperature of furnace tube to suppress coking, monitoring the quality of the feedstock were adopted in operation to reduce coking on furnace tubes.

STUDY ON THE COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF HF-101 DECALCIFICATION AGENT FOR CRUDE OIL

2010, 41(1): 26-30. doi:

Asbtract ( 1805 )

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HF-101 decalcification agent developed by Dagang Petroleum Oilfield Chemicals Company was used to remove calcium from mixed Duba crude oil in Jinzhou Petrochemical Company, and its calcium removal performance was studied in laboratory and commercial unit. The laboratory test results showed that under the conditions of an agent to calcium mass ratio of 2, a water injection amount of 5%, an electrostatic desalt temperature of 130 ℃ and a demulsifier added dosage of 30 µg/g, the calcium removal rates of crude oil reached 90.89%～91.43%. Commercial trial results showed that using HF-101 agent the average calcium removal rate was 90.89%, the average calcium content of crude oil was 24.81 µg/g, the ash content of crude oil was reduced from 0.065% to 0.030%, the salt and water contents of the crude were reduced significantly. Besides, the operation electric current of the electrostatic desalt unit reduced about 50% when using HF-101 decalcification agent.

STUDY ON THE HYDRODEMETALLIZATION CATALYST USING ALUMINA SUPPORT WITH BUILD-UP FRAMEWORK PORE STRUCTURE

wangdingcong

2010, 41(1): 31-35. doi:

Asbtract ( 2034 )

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A nano-alumina with build-up framework pore structure and high penetrating diffusion property was prepared by secondary nano-assembly technique. Said mesoporous alumina support was impregnated with solution containing Ni-Mo active metals to obtain a hydrodemetallization catalyst having a pore volume of 1.65 cm3/g, a specific surface area of 407 m2/g and an average pore diameter of 16.2 nm. The demetallization performance of the catalyst was evaluated under residue feed hydrotreating conditions. Results showed that Ca and V could be precipitated evenly on the mesoporous alumina support and some cylindrical metal deposits were formed in the channels. After running 3 000 h, the amount of deposited metals reached 19.0%; the pore volume of the used catalyst was still 0.793 cm3/g with porosity of 80.4%, in which over 95.3% of the pores were larger than 10 nm, indicating that the pore structure of this mesoporous alumina support was favorable for asphaltene micelles to penetrating diffuse in the build-up passages.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MODIFICATION OF MESOPOROUS MATERIAL AND ITS PERFORMANCE OF REMOVING TRACE OLEFINS IN AROMATICS

chen chang-wei wu wen－juan

2010, 41(1): 36-39. doi:

Asbtract ( 1676 )

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Deep removal of olefins in aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated using various molecular sieve catalysts, and mesoporous material catalyst was found to be the best one among them. The mesoporous material was modified to adjust its acidity, and said materials prior and post to modification was characterized by XRD and FT-IR. Test results showed that the Lewis acidity of mesoporous material post to modification increased significantly, thus its catalytic activity of removing olefins in aromatic hydrocarbons was enhanced and service life was prolonged.

EFFECT OF P AND NTA ON THE CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF Co-Mo SELECTIVE HYDRODESULFURIZATION CATALYST

Kai-hu HOU

2010, 41(1): 40-44. doi:

Asbtract ( 1515 )

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A series of Co-Mo hydrodesulfurization catalysts using TiO2-Al2O3 support was prepared adding P additive and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) chelate, respectively. These catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, TPR and SEM techniques. The effect of P and NTA on the catalytic performance of these catalysts was evaluated using heavy FCC naphtha as feed. Results showed that adding a suitable amount of P and NTA during catalyst preparation could significantly improve the dispersion of activated metals on the catalyst support; the existence of NTA could weaken the interaction between support and active components, and that would be helpful for the reduction of active components, thus the hydrodesulfurization activity and selectivity of the catalyst was improved.

INFLUENCE OF PREPARATION PARAMETERS ON THE CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF CATALYST FOR METHANOL SYNTHESIS AT LOW TEMPERATURE AND IN LIQUID PHASE

2010, 41(1): 45-48. doi:

Asbtract ( 1891 )

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A series of Cu-Cr catalysts were prepared by complex precipitation process for methanol synthesis under low temperature and in liquid phase. The influences of the preparation parameters on the catalytic performance were studied. Results showed that catalyst prepared under the optimal conditions of a Cu/Cr molar ratio of 1, an aging and precipitation temperature of 40℃, a precipitation and reaction time of 3 h, an aging time of 3 h, a drying temperature of 120℃, a drying time of 13 h and a calcination temperature of 340℃ exhibited good catalytic activity and stability having a methanol space time yield of 98 g/(L•h) after running 150 h.

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PORE-ENLARGING METHODS ON THE PORE STRUCTURE OF ALUMINA CATALYST SUPPORT

LIU Chen-Guang

2010, 41(1): 49-54. doi:

Asbtract ( 2183 )

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Alumina support was treated by adding pore-enlarging additives and hydrothermal treatment respectively to study the effects of various pore-enlarging methods on the pore structure of alumina. Results indicated that the pore structure of alumina varied with the various pore-enlarging additives. An alumina support having an average pore size of 14.3 nm was prepared by adding 15 wt% of polyacrylamide (PAM) and calcined at 800℃ for 4h. Alumina support with an average pore size of about 10 nm was obtained by adding NH4HCO3 at a n(HCO-3)/n(Al3+) of 0.75. It was found that the treating time had significant effect on the pore structure of alumina when hydrothermal treating alumina at 140 ℃, and the pore structure of alumina changed with the calcination temperature as well.

EFFECT OF SHEARING TEMPERATURE ON THE THERMAL DEPOLYMERIZATION OF CRUMB RUBBER–ASPHALT SYSTEM

Zhang Xiao-Ying XuChuan-Jie Yu-Zhen ZHANG

2010, 41(1): 55-58. doi:

Asbtract ( 1916 )

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The effect of shearing temperature on the thermal depolymerization of crumb rubber–asphalt system was studied based on analyzing some properties of the crumb rubber-asphalt system, such as the dissolution of crumbs in toluene, the relative molecular weight distributions and high-temperature properties. Results show that with the increase of shearing temperature, the molecular weight, complex modulus, viscosity and softening point decrease, the dissolution of crumbs in toluene and phase angle increase. The thermal depolymerization of crumb rubber–asphalt system could be controlled by using the coadjustment of shearing temperature and shearing time.

TREATING AMMONIA-CONTAINING WASTEWATER FROM FCC CATALYST PRODUCTION BY SHORT-CUT NITRIFICATION-DENITRIFICATION

Gao Hui-jie

2010, 41(1): 59-61. doi:

Asbtract ( 1787 )

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The nitrifying and denitrifying activated sludge cultured by Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum ＆ Petrochemicals is adopted to remove ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater from FCC catalyst production plant. The results show that when the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the influent is in the range of 775~1090 mg/L and the hydraulic residence time (HRT) of nitrification is 24 h, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent is less than 15 mg/L since the system is run smoothly. Nitrite is the main product of nitration, the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen and the nitrite accumulation rate (NO2-/NOx-) is maintained at more than 95% and 96%, respectively. With a C/N ratio of 3 and a HRT of 16 h, the removal rate of total nitrogen is more than 95% in denitrification process.

RESEARCH ON THE TECHNOLOGY OF USING WATER-AGENT-AIR METHOD TO REMOVE OIL FROM OILFIELD SLUDGE

LI Jian-Zhu

2010, 41(1): 62-66. doi:

Asbtract ( 1457 )

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By means of adding hot water, reagent and blowing air, the oily sludge from Shengli oil field is treated and some oil is removed. The optimum auxiliary agent is selected by screening tests, and the experimental conditions including the content of agent in slurry, the amount of air used, the mass ratio of liquid to sludge, slurry temperature and time, as well as stirring speed are investigated. Results show that using YN-1 auxiliary agent under the optimal conditions of an agent content in slurry of 5%, a mass ratio of solution to sludge of 5, a blowing air amount of 0.4 m3/h, a slurry time of 40 min at 60 ℃ and a stirring speed of 250 r/min, the oil recovered yield is 92.45% after one treatment. Treating oily sludge twice with this method, then washing with 60℃water and keeping floatation for 10 min, the residual oil content of the treated sludge can meet the National Standard for discharge.

EVALUATION AND APPLICATION OF ENERGY-SAVING MEASURES FOR FCC UNIT

Feng-Lin Huang

2010, 41(1): 67-71. doi:

Asbtract ( 1800 )

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Based on the actual operation parameters of FCC unit in Taxinan Refinery of Talimu Oilfield Company, and analyzing the materials and heat balance data during performance test, the main causes for high energy consumption of the reaction-regeneration system were discussed. Countermeasures were proposed and realized, such as improving catalyst regeneration conditions by lowering the flow rate of fluidized air and reducing gas consumption of auxiliary burner, optimizing the operation conditions of waste heat boiler and optimizing feedstock distribution. The energy consumption of the unit was reduced by 23.69% after adopting these measures.

A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE ENERGY-SAVING APPROACH OF A 3.2 Mt/a HYDROTREATING UNIT

Hai-tao MU

2010, 41(1): 72-76. doi:

Asbtract ( 2031 )

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The design energy consumption and actual energy consumption of the hydrotreating unit of Qingdao Refining & Chemical Company were introduced, and the causes of lower energy consumption in performance test were analyzed. Based on the operation status of this unit, three measures for further energy-saving were proposed including adding Hydrocom step less control system on one reciprocating compressor, using 0.45 MPa steam instead of 1.0 MPa steam for heating and revamping the amine depleted high pressure booster pump to meet the required operation parameters. The feasibility and predicted energy-saving results of adopting these three revamping measures were discussed.

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