PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

FDFCC-Ⅲ PROCESS FOR ENHANCING PROPYLENE YIELD AND PRODUCING CLEAN GASOLINE

MENG Fan-dong

2008, 39(9): 1-4. doi:

Asbtract ( 2575 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Based on the analysis of advanced FCC technologies, an innovation idea of operating the FCC unit under low contact temperature and high catalyst/oil ratio emerged, finally, FDFCC-Ⅲ process for enhancing propylene yield and producing clean gasoline was developed. The test results of pilot plant showed that thermal cracking reactions were significantly suppressed and catalytic reactions were enhanced in FDFCC-Ⅲ process, thus promoting the transformation of sulfur from feed to cracked gas. The commercial application results of the FCC unit of SINOPEC Changling Company indicated that product slates and product qualities were improved by FDFCC-Ⅲ process significantly. When the heavy oil riser was operated at a catalyst/oil ratio of 9.82 and a riser bottom catalyst temperature of 630 ℃, the yields of LPG and propylene were 26.66% and 10.23%, respectively; the dry gas yield was only 4.33%; as to gasoline the volume content of olefins and sulfur content were 17.7% and 0.032%, respectively.

STUDY ON THE CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF RECYCLING C4 FRACTION FOR MAXIMUM PROPYLENE PRODUCTION

2008, 39(9): 5-8. doi:

Asbtract ( 2870 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The feasibility study of catalytic pyrolysis of mix C4 fraction to maximize propylene yield was carried out on a small-scale riser unit and the effect of recycling C4 fraction blended with various heavy feeds on the dry gas yield was investigated. Results showed that reaction temperature and reaction time had significant influence. Optimum high temperature and short contact time were in favor of cracking C4 fraction to form propylene and suppressing hydrogen transfer reactions, thus the yields of dry gas and coke reduced and propylene yield increased. Using C4 fraction as feed, at a reaction temperature of 600 ℃ and a reaction time of 0.3 s, the yields of propylene and dry gas were 18.25％ and 5.76％, respectively; when using C4 fraction blended heavy oil as feed, at 600 ℃ the yields of propylene and dry gas were in the range of 13.05％~17.41％ and 3.81％~5.28％, respectively.

REMOVAL OF OIL-SOLUBLE IRON COMPOUNDS FROM PETROLEUM

Zou Ying WENG Hui-xin WENG

2008, 39(9): 9-12. doi:

Asbtract ( 3144 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The removal of oil-soluble iron from crude oil with chemical agent was investigated. The effects of the structure of chemical agents and the existed form of the oil-soluble iron on the removal rate were analyzed. The results showed that the iron removal rate was not only depended on the coordination effect of the agent, such as the types of functional groups, the size, number and structure of the formed chelating ring, but also depended on the existed form and distribution of the iron compounds in crude oil. The results of experiments designed with orthogonal method showed that the effect of these factors from great to less were in the order of agent dosagepH valuereaction temperaturereaction time, i.e. the removal rate of oil-soluble iron was proportional to agent dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time. Chemical agents having pH value around 2 were preferred for removing oil-soluble iron.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS ON THE HYDROGENATION OF OLEFIN SATURATION IN FCC NAPHTHA

Niu Chuanfeng

2008, 39(9): 13-16. doi:

Asbtract ( 2946 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Using silica gel to remove nitrogen compounds in FCC naphtha, four feeds having various nitrogen contents and the same hydrocarbon compositions and sulfur content were obtained. During the selective HDS treatment of these four FCC naphtha feeds, the effect of nitrogen compounds on the hydrogenation of olefin saturation (HYDO) was studied in a fixed-bed pilot plant over a commercial CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst, under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 285 ℃, a hydrogen partial pressure of 1.6 MPa, a LHSV of 4.0h-1 and a H2/oil volume ratio of 400. Results showed that during the selective HDS process, nitrogen compounds could inhibit the HYDO reactions, and the inhibition on linear olefins and cyclic olefins was more significant than that on branched olefins. With the same olefin saturation rate, the RON loss of product from feed having higher nitrogen content was less than that from feed having lower nitrogen content.

CATALYSIS OF COPPER SUBSTITUTED HETEROPOLYOXOMETALATE IN OXIDATIVE DESULPHURIZATION OF CATALYTIC CRACKED DIESEL FUEL

LI Bao-Shan Zhongjuan Dai

2008, 39(9): 17-20. doi:

Asbtract ( 2862 )

Related Articles | Metrics

A catalyst [(C4H9)4N]4H[PW11CuO39] was prepared by one-step synthesis method and its structure was characterized by FT-IR and UV techniques. Using model oil (thiophene in n-octane) as feed and 30% hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, the oxidative desulfurization tests were carried out and the effects of catalyst dosage, the ratio of oxidant to feed, reaction temperature and reaction time on the desulphurization were investigated. The test results showed that under the optimum reaction conditions of a catalyst dosage of 4% (the mass ratio of catalyst to model oil), a molar ratio of effective oxygen in oxidant to the sulfur in oil of 2.5, a reaction temperature of 60 ℃ and a reaction time of 120 min, the sulfur content of model oil could be reduced from 1 052 ng/ L to 33 ng/ L. The sulfur content of a catalytic cracked diesel fuel could be decreased from 4 100 ng/ L to 982 ng/ L under the basically same reaction conditions for model oil with an exception of a reaction temperature of 70℃.

INVESTIGATION ON THE DEACTIVATION OF Pt/H-ZSM-22 CATALYST FOR LONG-CHAIN ALKANE ISOMERIZATION

Gang Wang

2008, 39(9): 21-24. doi:

Asbtract ( 2750 )

Related Articles | Metrics

XRD, N2 adsorption, NH3-TPD and TEM were used to characterize the surface acidity, pore structure, phase changing of the deactivated Pt/H-ZSM-22 catalysts in order to find out the causes of catalyst deactivation. The coke contents on the catalysts run for 3 000 h and 7 600 h were 3.20 % and 7.84%, respectively, which indicated that the coke deposition was the main cause of the decrease of catalyst pore volume and specific surface area, and that would lead to catalyst deactivation. The existence of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds in the feed would also cause the deactivation of catalyst. Using conventional regeneration to burn off the coke deposited on the catalyst could effectively recover the catalyst properties, such as the recovery rate of pore volume and specific surface area was more than 96%.

STUDY ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF WAX IN DIESEL FUEL BY SOLID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM METHOD

Lu Chunxi

2008, 39(9): 25-30. doi:

Asbtract ( 3038 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Crystallization of wax from diesel fuels and the interaction of pour point depressant with wax were studied by solid-liquid equilibrium method. The solid phase and liquid phase of partially frozen diesel fuels were separated at the cold filter plugging point by isothermal filtration using a cold filter plugging point tester and were analyzed by gas chromatography. The amount and compositions of both phases were deduced from mass balance after correction by a distribution factor Z (the mass fraction of liquid in solid deposit). Four kinds of fuels were used to test including model fuel, model fuel with depressant, base diesel fuel and diesel fuel with depressant, and their crystallization rate and the content of n-paraffin in wax at cold filter plugging point were compared. Results showed that using said separation technique and calculation method to study the crystallization behavior of diesel fuels at cold filter plugging point was feasible.

STUDY ON THE INTERACTION AMONG GUDAO HEAVY COMPONENTS OF HEAVY OIL IN WATER EMULSIONS

2008, 39(9): 31-34. doi:

Asbtract ( 2894 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The influence of deasphaltene oil, resin, asphaltene and resin-asphaltene mixture on the interfacial property of Gudao heavy oil in water emulsions was investigated. The results showed that asphaltene component having high aromatic carbon, low alkyl carbon and high aromatic condensation index exhibited high interfacial activity. During the formation of oil in water emulsions, the existence of aromatic component in deasphaltene oil enhanced the solubility of resin, so the interfacial activity of deasphaltene oil is higher than that of resin and asphaltene. The dispersion of asphaltene in simulated oil was enhanced by the existence of resin, in such case the solubility of asphaltene increased, the asphaltene molecule existed as free molecule, and all of its functional groups could reach the interface easily, thus the interfacial tension of oil and water reduced. Results also indicated that a positive synergetic effect existed between anionic emulsifier LAS and heavy oil components, yet negative synergetic effect was observed between non-ionic emulsifier OP-10 and heavy oil components. The formation of stable oil in water emulsions was due to the interaction among all the heavy oil components and emulsifiers

EFFECTS OF DETERGENT ON THE OXIDATION STABILITY OF GASOLINE

2008, 39(9): 35-39. doi:

Asbtract ( 3431 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The effects of gasoline detergent on the oxidation stability of gasoline are introduced. Results of variance analysis show that the unwashed gum and washed gum of gasoline having detergent is mainly affected by detergent and secondly by gasoline; while the induction period is mainly depended on gasoline and the detergent has little influence. For induction period, a linear relationship exists between the gasoline having detergent and the base gasoline. Both gum and induction period change linearly with the increase of detergent content in gasoline. With the addition of detergent, the contents of unwashed gum increase significantly in the range of 8.3~ 39.7 mg/100mL (i.e. 2.5 times to 42 times of the base gasoline); the contents of washed gum decrease by 15.0%~83.3%; induction periods vary from -9.0%~14.0%. Therefore, detergent which has little influence on induction period and could reduce washed gum significantly is preferred.

RESEARCH ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STEARIC ACID MODIFIED LAYERED

2008, 39(9): 40-43. doi:

Asbtract ( 2940 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Using stearic acid as modifier, layered sodium silicate (LSS) was modified by ultrasonic treatment to serve as additive of lubricating oil. Modified layered sodium silicate (MLSS) was characterized by sedimentation volume analysis, optical microscope, FT-IR and XRD. The tribological properties of LSS and MLSS as additive in 500SN base oil were investigated with friction and wear testers. The morphologies of worn steel surfaces lubricated with various lubricant systems were observed by a scanning electron microscope. The mechanism of friction reduction and anti-wear function of MLSS additive were also discussed. Dispersion test results showed that MLSS well dispersed in 500SN base oil stably. FT-IR spectra observed that organic functional groups existed on MLSS surface. XRD results indicated that the crystal structure of MLSS was the same as prior to modification. As compared with LSS additive, oil sample having a MLSS dosage of 0.6% exhibited the best anti-wear property, the wear scar diameter decreased by 11.5％; oil sample having a MLSS dosage of 0.8% possessed the best friction reducing performance, the friction coefficient decreased by 29.7％.

PREPARATION AND PERFORMANCE STUDY OF ETHANOL-DIESEL BLENDED FUEL

2008, 39(9): 44-48. doi:

Asbtract ( 2598 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Ethanol-diesel blended fuel was prepared by physical mixing in the presence of emulsifier. The effects of different emulsifiers including their various mixtures, the dosage of emulsifier and the content of ethanol on the performance of blended fuel were investigated. Results showed that under the optimum preparation conditions of a blended fuel with a ethanol content of 16%, using a mixed emulsifier (31381 cation emulsifier and 1202 emulsifier) having a mass mixing ratio of 3 to 7, and a dosage of the mixed emulsifier (HLB=6.95) of 3.3%, the viscosity and the surface tension of the emulsified blended fuel were 3.06 mPa•s and 26.82 mN/m, respectively. The particles distribution of the emulsified blended fuel shown by transmission electron microscopy was uniform. Test results also showed that the combustion rate of said blended fuel was similar with that of 0# diesel fuel, its pitch of smoke reduced by 59.2% as compared with 0# diesel fuel, and its corrosive behavior met the requirement of National Standard. A 6-month storage test at ambient temperature showed that the emulsified blended fuel was stable.

STUDY ON THE FRICTION REDUCING BEHAVIOR OF THREE OIL-SOLUBLE INORGANIC NANO-PARTICLES USED AS LUBRICANT ADDITIVES

2008, 39(9): 49-53. doi:

Asbtract ( 2441 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The friction reducing performance of three oil-soluble inorganic nano-particles including silica (Si), diamond (C) and copper (Cu), used as lube additives was studied. The effect of additive dosage on the variation of PB value, PD value and worn surface diameter, as well as the changing of friction coefficient with time under point contact mood and line contact mood were investigated. The worn surfaces were analyzed by SEM and EDX techniques. Results showed that the friction reducing performance of these three types of nano-particles was varied: under point contact mood Cu exhibited the best friction reducing performance; under line contact mood all of them behaved well, yet C possessed the best friction reducing performance.

OPTIMIZATION OF PROPYLENE RECOVERY IN GAS FRACTIONATION UNIT AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ADOPTING DUAL-TOWER PROCESS

Feng-Lin Huang

2008, 39(9): 54-57. doi:

Asbtract ( 3401 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Since the recovery rate of propylene in gas fractionation unit was usually less than 95%, a simulation of the whole processing scheme for a 0.2 Mt/a gas fractionation unit was carried out using PRO/II software to study the causes of propylene loss and the countermeasures. Feeds with various compositions including design value were used in simulation and the reliability of simulation was validated. Results showed that the loss of propylene mainly came from the top outlet gas of deethanizer and the bottoms of propylene fractionating tower, in which the former occupied more than 65% of the total propylene loss. Feasibility study of eliminating deethanizer and using dual-tower process was carried out. It was found that if the mol content of C2 in feed could be controlled to less than 0.10%, the dual-tower process could be realized. Simulation data showed that with the adoption of dual-tower process and optimizing the operation conditions of propylene fractionating tower, the recovery rate of propylene in gas fractionation unit could reach more than 99%.

EFFECT OF EXHAUST STRUCTURE ON THE SEPARATION PERFORMANCE OF GUIDE VANE CYCLONE TUBE

2008, 39(9): 58-61. doi:

Asbtract ( 2311 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Diversion cones were installed at the bottom of the exhaust pipe in the cyclone tube with guide vane to investigate the effect of crack area, bottom area and crack type of the diversion cone on the separation performance. A diversion cone with straight and tilted combined cracks was proposed. Tests using diversion cone with combined cracks were carried out and the results showed that when the inlet volume flow rate was 1 930 m3/h, the average separation efficiency reached 91.60% and the pressure drop was only 8.25 kPa, which indicated that installing diversion cone with combined cracks was helpful for solving the high pressure drop in cyclone tubes and it was promising in engineering practice.

APPLICATION OF COMBINED TRAPEZOID DOUBLE SPRAY TRAY IN FCC MAIN FRACTIONATOR

Ruimei Wang

2008, 39(9): 62-65. doi:

Asbtract ( 2659 )

Related Articles | Metrics

A new combined trapezoid double spray tray (CTDST) was developed for high gas phase and high capacity gas-liquid mass transfer operation. The structure of double spray tray could reduce the initial speed of the spray droplet, the pressure drop of the tray and the tray entrainments could be improved effectively. The application of CTDST in the FCC fractionation tower of Huabei Petrochemical Company showed that the gas-liquid flow rate in the tower was high, the processing capacity increased significantly, the pressure drop of the tray was low and the separation efficiency was high; the kinetic factor of empty column reached 3.2 (m•s-1)•(kg•m-3)0.5 and the kick volume of downcomer reached 130m3•m-1•h-1. The gap between the 95% cut point of gasoline and 5 % cut point of diesel fuel, and the gap between the 95% cut point of diesel fuel and 5 % cut point of recycle oil were 34 ℃ and 30 ℃, respectively. The 5 % cut point of slurry oil reached 415 ℃.

A SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL REVAMPING FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN SINOPEC JINAN COMPANY

hui wan xukai wang

2008, 39(9): 66-69. doi:

Asbtract ( 2411 )

Related Articles | Metrics

In 2010, the total energy consumption of Jinan Company should be reduced by 20% (based on the data of 2005) according to the layout of SINOPEC. The status of energy consumption in the Company was discussed and projects including optimizing energy utilization in processing unit, setting up thermal cooperation among units, further recovering low level heat and comprehensive optimizing the steam power system were proposed. The comprehensive refining energy consumption was reduced significantly since these projects were implemented; an energy saving of 87.36 MJ/t was obtained.

Table of Content