PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

A REFINING SOLUTION DELIVERING HIGH YIELD OF LIGHT PROUCTS: ENGINEERING DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

2008, 39(8): 1-4. doi:

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In this paper, the recently built and commissioned 8.0Mt/a Hainan Refinery by Sinopec Engineering Incorporation is taken as a showcase to illustrate the state-of-art refinery design concept as a response to the record high cost of crude oil through optimizing crude utilization and delivering more superior products. The design framework selected for the Oman sour crude fed Hainan Refinery is sequentially upgrading crude through distillation-RDS-RFCC-hydrocracking processes. This processing scheme is validated with remarkable economic benefits since commissioning. Not only does the overall commodity rate and light oil yield reach 93% and 81%, respectively; but all products of gasoline and diesel fuel meet Euro III Emissions Standard as well, and certain products even meet Euro IV Emissions Standard. It should be noted that the light oil yield of 81% in this refinery is significantly higher than the national average value of 74%.

DEVELOPMET AND APPLICATION OF FCC FEED HYDROTREATING TECHNOLOGY IN RIPP

Zhihai Hu

2008, 39(8): 5-9. doi:

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The research and application of technologies related with FCC feed pre-hydrotreatment developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) were introduced including RHT technology and its second generation catalyst, RVHT technology and RN-32V catalyst, and newly developed hydrotreating VGO blended with residue technology (DVHT). Special attention was given to the commercial application of RICP technology, an innovated bi-direction integrated technology of residue hydrotreating and catalytic cracking. The results of pilot plant test and commercial application indicated that FCC feed pre-hydrotreating technologies developed by RIPP were highly reliable, adaptable to various feedstocks and stable to long-term running.

CAUSE ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF THE RISER TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION SINCE REVAMPING TO MIP OPERATION MODE

Zhijun Wang

2008, 39(8): 10-13. doi:

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The RFCC unit of Qingdao Petrochemical Company was revamped to conduct MIP operation mode, yet the temperature of the 1st reaction zone in the riser was fluctuated badly after revamping. Investigation on the equilibrium catalyst (E-cat) properties and observation on the fluidization and cycle of regenerated catalyst indicated that high E-cat density and insufficient send-out force caused unstable flow of regenerated catalyst, which significantly affected the pressure drop of regeneration slide valve and the reaction temperature. Countermeasures for enhancing the send-out force of cycle the regenerated catalyst were adopted, the catalyst flow became stable, and less fluctuations of slide valve pressure drop and reaction temperature were observed. The total liquid yield increased by 0.85 percentage point with this smooth operation.

STARTUP OF DELAYED COKING UNIT USING CRUDE OIL DIRECTLY

2008, 39(8): 14-16. doi:

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The startup of a 1.5 Mt/a delayed coking unit using viscous crude oil as feed was performed twice in the Karamay Petrochemical Company successfully. The operation results showed that this startup was an energy saving and environmental friendly operation scheme, e.g. the startup time was 23h shorter than that of usual startup, 500t of gas oil was saved and zero waste-oil discharge was realized.

PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF HYDROGEN RECOVERY FROM REFINING FUEL GAS BY MEMBRANE SEPARATION

TU WEI-LONG

2008, 39(8): 17-20. doi:

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When using hollow-fiber membrane separator to recovery hydrogen from hydrogen rich fuel gas of refinery, some problems occurred, such as the pressure drop of fine filter prior to separator increased, yellow or black solid particles were found at the flange of the filter, crack of the filter and the separation efficiency of the membrane was decreased. By analyzing the compositions of hydrogen rich fuel gases and investigation on the formation of solid particles, it was found that high H2S content in certain fuel gas was one of the main causes, and impurities in various fuel gases were varied, chemical reactions might occur during mixing. Thus, in order to protect the membrane in good condition, measures for removing H2S from the treating gas or separate treatment for various treating gases should be considered. With the adoption of these measures, the hydrogen content in product and the hydrogen recovery rate well met the requirements.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF PRT-C/PRT-D REFORMING CATALYSTS

Baifu Xu Xiaozhou Ye

2008, 39(8): 21-24. doi:

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The semi-regenerative reforming catalysts PRT-C/PRT-D developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing were applied in the 400 kt/a reforming unit of SINOPEC Maoming Company. The operation results showed that these catalysts exhibited high activity, good selectivity and stability. After running 400 days, the catalysts still had positive quick response to temperature increase. Compared with conventional CB-6/CB-7 catalysts, PRT-C/PRT-D catalysts showed improved activity and selectivity.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE NITROGEN POISONING AND REACTIVATION OF WHITE OIL HYDROGENATION CATALYST

2008, 39(8): 25-29. doi:

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Investigation on the deactivation and reactivation of precious metal hydrogenation catalyst was carried out on a high pressure fixed bed micro-reactor with simulating industrial conditions. Test results showed that when processing feed containing quadrol for 3 days, the activity of the catalyst dropped rapidly and qualified food grade white oil could not be produced. With the increase of test time, the aromatics saturation function of the catalyst reduced, indicating that nitrogen was gradually accumulated on the catalyst. After substituting by clean feed, the activity of the deactivated catalyst was recovered partially though it was not ready for the production of food grade white oil, which indicated that the nitrogen deactivation was irreversible in a way. In-situ reduction with hydrogen could further recover the aromatics saturation function of the deactivated catalyst, but the reactivated catalyst was still not good enough for food grade white oil production. Therefore, in order to prolong the service life of precious metal hydrogenation catalyst in commercial units, it is important to keep the nitrogen content of the feed low.

STUDY ON HIGH ACTIVE UNSUPPORTED Ni-W-Mo HYDROTREATING CATALYST

2008, 39(8): 30-35. doi:

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A new high active unsupported Ni-W-Mo hydrotreating catalyst was synthesized and characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), BET adsorption measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Said unsupported Ni-Mo-W catalyst had considerable active sites and highly divided active phases, which led to its excellent thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity and toluene hydrogenation (HYD) activity. Said unsupported catalyst was compared with a high active commercial supported catalyst on a 100 mL fixed bed pilot plant unit using Middle East straight-run diesel oil as feedstock. Test results showed that the HDS activity and HDN activity of said unsupported catalyst was almost 7 times and 3 times of the reference catalyst, respectively. Clean diesel fuel meeting the Euro-V emission standard could be obtained under relatively mild reaction conditions with said unsupported catalyst.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF CGP-1GQ CATALYST IN MIP UNIT

Xuhai Tao

2008, 39(8): 36-40. doi:

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CGP-1 catalyst developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing was designed for MIP-CGP process to enhance propylene yield and improve gasoline octane number. In this paper the commercial application of CGP-1GQ catalyst in the 1.40 Mt/a MIP unit of Gaoqiao Petrochemical Company to increase the yields of LPG and propylene was introduced. The commercial results showed that using CGP-1GQ catalyst the LPG yield reached 18.71%, in which the volume percentage of propylene in LPG was 37.74%. In addition, with the same residue blended ratio and total liquid yield, the gasoline properties were improved, such as gasoline octane number increased, olefin content decreased and induction period prolonged. In a word, the application of CGP-1GQ catalyst in MIP unit could also enhance propylene yield and improve gasoline properties.

REACTION PATHWAYS AND INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS ON BENZENE FORMATION DURING CATALYTIC CRACKING OF CUMENE

Xiaoli Wei Chao-Gang Xie

2008, 39(8): 41-45. doi:

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The dominant reaction pathways and the effect of reaction temperature and type of zeolites on the yield and selectivity of benzene formed during catalytic cracking of cumene were investigated. The results indicated that the main reactions of cumene cracking were dealkylation and protolytic cracking of alkyl side chain. Benzene was mainly formed by the dealkylation reaction. High reaction temperature and the existence of shape selective zeolite were in favor of benzene formation during cumene cracking. Under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 550℃, a WHSV of 8h-1 and a catalyst/oil weight ratio of 6, the yield and selectivity of benzene over shape selective zeolite catalyst were more than 40% and 55%, respectively.

EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MoP/γ- Al2O3 CATALYST

fenyan li

2008, 39(8): 46-49. doi:

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A series of MoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with various phosphorus loadings were prepared by temperature programming reduction method, and characterized by XRD, BET, NH3-TPD and TG techniques. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated on a continuous micro-reactor at 370℃ and 3.0 MPa using mixed compounds containing thiophene, pyridine and cyclohexene as model feed. The results indicated that suitable phosphorus content had positive effect on the dispersion of active components, surface acidity and catalytic performance of the catalyst. Catalyst sample prepared with a phosphorus loading of 1.4 % exhibited good hydrogenation activity, its conversion of thiophene, cyclohexene, and pyridine reached 74.04%, 88.50% and 79.04%, respectively.

INFLUENCE FACTORS ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR IMPROVING THE INDUCTION PERIOD OF FCC NAPHTHA FROM HYDROTREATED RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK

WU Shi-kui LIANG Chao-lin

2008, 39(8): 50-54. doi:

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Based on collection and analysis the data of cracked naphtha compositions and induction period, factors affected the induction period are investigated. Results show that the main causes of low induction period of cracked naphtha are the high diene number and low phenol content. Due to the characteristics of hydrotreated residue, high heavy metals content and low crackability, the reaction temperature of RFCC is high and metals deposited on the equilibrium catalyst are heavy, therefore, thermal cracking reactions are enhanced and hydrogen transfer reactions are decreased, which leads to the high content of conjugated diene. Low oxygen content of hydrotreated residue feed leads to the low phenol content of naphtha. However, by optimizing the properties of FCC feedstock, operation conditions and gasoline blending, as well as adding some antioxidant, the induction period of gasoline meets the requirement.

STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC SOLID BASE CATALYST IN THE PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FROM PALM OIL

2008, 39(8): 55-58. doi:

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Magnetic solid base catalyst CaO/Fe3O4 made by calcination method was used in the transesterification of palm oil with methanol to prepare bio-diesel fuel. The process parameters of the transesterification were investigated and the optimal reaction conditions were obtained. Under the conditions of a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 8, a catalyst dosage of 4%, a reaction temperature of 65°C and a reaction time of 2 h, the yield of fatty acid methyl ester in the product reached 98.2% and the quality of the obtained bio-diesel fuel met the requirement of National Standard GB/T 20828-2007. Furthermore, after repeat using the catalyst for 8 times the content of fatty acid methyl ester in the product was still 96.5%.

EFFECT OF THE THERMAL OXIDATION STABILITY OF JET FUEL ON THE DEPOSIT FORMATION IN THE ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM

2008, 39(8): 59-62. doi:

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Study on the deposition of jet fuel formed in the engine fuel system was carried out by using JFTOT and HiReTS testers. The test results showed that with the increase of thermal oxidation stability of the jet fuel, the deposits formed during the test were reduced, which indicated that improving the thermal oxidation stability of jet fuel could effectively suppress the deposit formation in the engine fuel system, thus prolonging the service life of engine.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ADVANCED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE FRACTIONATION SECTION OF PARAXYLENE UNIT

DEXIAN HUANG

2008, 39(8): 63-66. doi:

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In order to solve some problems existed in the fractionation section of paraxylene unit, state space models for xylene column and its reboiler furnaces in the section were set up by analyzing the mechanism and the influence factors. Based on the predictive control theory, advanced process control system was developed and applied in the section. The operation stability of the unit was improved significantly and the energy consumption was reduced, e.g. the energy consumption of the reboiler furnaces reduced 265 MJ for per ton paraxylene, thus a production cost of 5.6 MRMB was saved annually.

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF REUSING REFINING WASTEWATER AS COOLING WATER OF COKE

feng lu

2008, 39(8): 67-70. doi:

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The effect of using catalytic stripping sour water and neutralizing water from thermal power plant as cooling water of coke on the coke quality, equipment corrosion and production environment was investigated, and a related technical revamping scheme was proposed. Economic analysis of the proposal was discussed. It was found that after adopting said proposal, a 240 kt/a of fresh water (worth 0.51 MRMB annually) was saved and a 240 kt/a of wastewater discharge was left out, i.e. saving a wastewater treatment fee of 0.8 MRMB annually.

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