PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

INVESTIGATION ON THE FUNCTION AND ADJUSTMENT OF FCC PROCESS IN RICP TECHNOLOGY

Chao-Gang Xie Niu Chuanfeng

2008, 39(10): 1-5. doi:

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Based on the development and commercial application of RICP technology (Residue Integrated Combination Process), the investigation on the function and adjustment of FCC unit in RICP was carried out. In RICP technology, FCC unit not only is the final process for residue conversion, but also provides intermedium streams, such as heavy cycle oil (HCO) and/or decanted oil (DO), as co-feedstock for hydrotreating unit. The new recycle mood of HCO and/or DO stream results in a great improvement of FCC feedstock properties, which leads to the increase of throughput and/or residue blended ratio of FCC unit, and the product slates and product quality are improved as well. In respond to the changes in feedstock system, unit capacity, product distributions, product properties, operation mood, fractionation system and catalyst system, proper adjustments should be made in FCC process to obtain the optimal effect of integrated technology.

THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT AND DECOKING ADDITIVES ON COKING PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION

LIANG Chao-lin Benxian Shen WU Shi-kui

2008, 39(10): 6-9. doi:

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The metal contents of 18 vacuum residues used as coking feedstock were analyzed and coking experiments of these vacuum residues were conducted in a tubular coking reactor. As the total metal content of vacuum residue increased, the yields of coke and gas in the products increased. Furthermore, the upward trend of the yields of coke and gas, as well as the hydrogen content in gas increased significantly with the increase of nickel and vanadium content, indicating that the existence of nickel and vanadium in feed promoted the formation of coke and gas. Aiming at reducing the yields of coke and gas and increasing the yield of liquid oil, based on the mechanism of coke formation a decoking additive was prepared by adding thermal cracking initiators, inhibitors, anti-foulants and solvents to a synthesized nonmetallic ashless dispersant. Test results showed that the decoking additive exhibited remarkable decoking and antifouling function, and the liquid product yield increased. For various vacuum residue feeds, with an additive adding dosage of 100～400μg/g, the liquid yield increased by 1.50～1.68 percentage points, the yields of coke and gas reduced by 0.80～1.10 and 0.55～0.81 percentage points, respectively.

A DISCUSSION ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROCRACKING UNIT PROCESS DESIGN

liu li

2008, 39(10): 10-13. doi:

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The analysis and discussion on some parts of the process design of hydrocracking unit were introduced including the comparison of cold and hot high pressure separations, the recommendation of liquid power recovery turbine, the installation of recycle gas scrubber, the selection of reaction section heat exchange moods, the optimal absorber for recovering liquefied petroleum gas and the optimum operation temperature of hot high pressure separator. Finally, some suggestions related with optimizing hydrocracking unit design were proposed which would be helpful for research, industrial design and application of hydorcracking process.

DENITROGENATION AND DEACIDIFICATION OF INTERMEDIATE BASE LUBE BASE OIL

MAO Man-Yi Ming-gui XIA Jingping He Gong Cheng

2008, 39(10): 14-17. doi:

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The removal of basic nitrogen compounds and acidic compounds from an intermediate base lube base oil by denitrogenation-adsorptive deacidification combined process was studied using lab prepared WK-1 denitrogenation agent and WK-3 adsorbent. Test results showed that with an agent/oil mass ratio of 1/250, the nitrogen removal rate reached 90.7%; with a WK-3 adsorbent dosage of 1.5%, the acid number of refined lube base oil was less than 0.05 mgKOH/g. When the combined process proceeded under the optimum conditions, the basic nitrogen content of refined oil was reduced from 275.3 µg/g to 23.8 µg/g, the acid number was dropped from 0.131 mgKOH/g to 0.045 mgKOH/g, oxidation stability was improved (from 130 min to 285 min) and other properties of the refined oil were unchanged or improved slightly. As compared with the conventional clay contact process, said combined process exhibited better denitrogenation-deacidification efficiency and less waste disposal.

STUDY ON COMPLEXING DENITROGENATION OF COKER GATCH USED AS FCC MIXED FEEDSTOCK

2008, 39(10): 18-21. doi:

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The complexing denitrogenation treatment of coker gatch was carried out by using a complex agent without complex separation. Test results showed that at an agent dosage of 0.40%, the removal rate of basic nitrogen compounds in coker gatch reached 62.00%. The catalytic cracking performance of coker gatch prior and post to denitrogenation was evaluated on a 1.0 kg/h small-scale FCC unit. Results showed that when using coker gatch as the only feedstock, the light oil yield of the treated feed was 8.65 percentage points higher than that of untreated feed; when 20% of coker gatch was blended in FCC feed, the light oil yield of the treated feed was 1.77 percentage points higher than that of untreated feed.

MEASURES FOR PREVENTING COKING IN THE VISBREAKING SYSTEM OF DISTILLATION-VISBREAKING UNIT

2008, 39(10): 22-24. doi:

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In order to suppress coking in the visbreaking system of the distillation-visbreaking unit for producing asphalt and fuel oil, the influences of factors such as crude oil properties, furnace outlet temperature, residence time and feed flow rate on coking were investigated. Measures for preventing coking were discussed and put into practice, coking in the visbreaking system was suppressed in some extent.

EFFECT OF MOLECULAR SIEVE STRUCTURE AND PHOSPHORUS MODIFICATION ON THE CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF CATALYST DURING ALKYLATION OF BENZENE WITH ETHANOL

2008, 39(10): 25-29. doi:

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Alkylation of benzene with ethanol were investigated using a continuous fixed-bed reaction device over catalysts having various structure zeolites, such as Mor zeolite, Beta zeolite, SAPO-11 and HZSM-5 zeolite. The catalysts were characterized by BET, NH3-TPD and Py-IR. The test results showed that Mor zeolite and Beta zeolite deactivated quickly, the alkylation activity of SAPO-11 catalyst was low since its acid strength was weak, among them HZSM-5 catalysts exhibited appropriate reaction activity and service life. It was found that under the same reaction time, the contents of coke deposited on theses four catalysts were in the order from high to low of Mor>Beta>SAPO-11>HZSM-5. Phosphorus modification was used to improve the ethylbenzene selectivity of HZSM-5 catalyst, and the results showed that the ethylbenzene selectivity of catalyst was increased by modification. A catalyst containing 3% phosphorus possessed the optimum acid amount and acid strength, a 20% increase of ethylbenzene selectivity was obtained and its benzene conversion was still good as compared with catalyst prior to phosphorus modification.

SIDE-STREAM TEST OF REMOVING SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS FROM LPG WITH MOLECULAR SIEVE ADSORBENT

周广林 ZHOU Guang-Lin Jin-sen Gao

2008, 39(10): 30-34. doi:

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A non-noble metal adsorbent was prepared by incipient wetness (IW) method using molecular sieve carrier. The test of side-stream on site was conducted to investigate its performance of removing sulfur compounds in LPG. The results showed that at ambient temperature with pressure of 0.9~1.1 MPa and a liquid space velocity of 0.5 h-1, the sulfur compounds in LPG could be effectively removed when the throughput of LPG was less than 120 Kg for per Kg of adsorbent; the content of sulfur in the outlet stream was reduced from 190～315 mg/m3 to less than 1 mg/m3. The deactivated adsorbent could be well regenerated and reuse.

APPLICATION OF ENDURANCE FCC CATALYST IN RFCC UNIT

Bin Li

2008, 39(10): 35-38. doi:

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In order to improve the conversion of heavy oil and reduce the yields of coke and slurry oil, Endurance cataly, a catalyst for high heavy oil conversion, high light oil yield and low yields of coke and slurry oil was applied in the No. 2 RFCC Unit of SINOPEC Luoyang Company. The performance test results showed that as compared with the base case although the quality of feedstock was a bit poorer and the catalyst consumption was lower, the yields of coke, slurry oil and dry gas was 0.28, 1.24 and 0.35 percentages lower, respectively; the light oil yield and the total liquid yield increased by 0.8 and 1.88 percentages, respectively.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF XH-DSP DESULFURIZATION AND PASSIVATION AGENT IN FCC UNIT

2008, 39(10): 39-42. doi:

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XH-DSP desulfurization and passivation agent was developed by the Shijiazhuang Star-Fire Scientific Testing Factory; it possessed the function of reducing the sulfur content of FCC naphtha and metal passivation simultaneously. In order to reduce the sulfur content of FCC naphtha, an industrial application of XH-DSP agent was carried out in PetroChina Dalian Petrochemical Company. The trial results showed that the sulfur compounds in FCC naphtha could be effectively removed, and with the increase of agent dosage the sulfur removal rate (calculated on sulfur transfer coefficient) increased. When the agent dosage was 400 g/g, 200 g/g and 130 g/g, the sulfur removal rate was 75%, 49.39% and over 35%, respectively. The ratio of hydrogen to methane dropped from 1.61 to 1.24 (a reduction of 23%), indicating that said agent exhibited good metal passivation function as well.

THE EFFECT OF NAPHTHENIC ACID ON THE STABILITY OF HIGH ASPHALTENE CONTAINING VISCOUS CRUDE OIL EMULSION

Wang Zhen-Yu

2008, 39(10): 43-47. doi:

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The research was focused on the Tahe viscous crude oil with high asphaltene content, asphaltene sample was separated from Tahe viscous crude oil to form an asphaltene model oil emulsion. Natural carboxylic acid samples were extracted from Liaohe and Sudan crude oil respectively, and their effects on the stability of Tahe asphaltene model oil emulsion were investigated. Results showed that the natural carboxylic acid exhibited the similar function as resin, which could reduce the stability of asphaltene model oil emulsion by dispersing asphaltene particles into oil phase. Just like natural carboxylic acid, the organic carboxylic acid and alkyl benzene sulfonic acid exhibited the same function of dispersing asphaltene particles into oil phase, yet the later even had more significant effect on reducing the stability of model oil emulsion.

STUDY ON THE CATALYTIC DEHYDRATION OF ETHANOL TO ETHYLENE OVER FCC CATALYSTS

Qiao Zhi-Qiang Chao-Gang Xie

2008, 39(10): 48-52. doi:

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The experiments of catalytic dehydration of ethanol were carried out in a bench scale fixed-fluidized bed (FFB) unit over three FCC catalysts. The reaction chemistry and reaction mechanism of catalytic dehydration of ethanol to ethylene were discussed. The experimental results showed that at a reaction temperature of 360℃ and a WHSV of 1.25h-1, these three FCC catalysts all exhibited excellent catalytic performance of ethanol dehydration, the conversion of ethanol was more than 99%, the volume percent of ethylene in the product was more than 98% and the yield of ethylene was more than 60%. It was found that the dehydration of ethanol over zeolite catalyst followed carbonium ion reaction mechanism, and thus the formation of ethylene, propylene and propane as the main products was well explained.

STUDY ON FLOW FIELD IN THE ANNULAR SPACE OF VORTEX QUICK SEPARATION SYSTEM

Lu Chunxi

2008, 39(10): 53-57. doi:

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The gas flow field in the annular space of vortex quick separation system (VQS) was measured by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). The mean velocity and the turbulent intensity of the gas flow field were investigated. The results show that the tangential velocity distribution in the annular space shows a typical feature of strongly swirling flows and it consists of quasi-free vortex area and quasi-forced vortex area. The maximum tangential velocity decreases downwardly and shifts gradually towards the center wall along the axial direction, which are mainly caused by the effects of the friction loss along the wall and the turbulent energy dissipation. Consequently, it leads to the increase of quasi-free vortex area zone and the decrease of quasi-forced vortex area zone. Additionally, the axial velocity distribution in annular space shows a linear characteristic and the downward axial velocity increases outwardly along the radial direction. On the contrary, the radial gradient of axial velocity decreases downwardly along the axial direction. Therefore, the axial velocity distribution becomes horizontal gradually. In the annular space, the relative turbulent intensity of tangential velocity and axial velocity are with the same order of magnitude and having little change along the axial and radial direction. Consequently, the turbulent fluctuation and dissipation have no sharp shift, which are helpful to eliminate the occurrence of circumfluence zone in the annular space.

STUDY ON THE BOILING POINT DISTRIBUTIONS OF VARIOUS HYDROCARBON TYPES IN VGO BY GC/MS ANALYSIS

LI Cheng-Wei Ze-Long LIU TIAN Songbai

2008, 39(10): 58-63. doi:

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A new method was established for the determination of boiling point distributions of various hydrocarbon types in vacuum gas oil (VGO). The VGO sample was separated into saturates and aromatics by solid-phase extraction, and then the separated samples were divided into MSD and FID for measurement simultaneously using GC/MS unit with a double-column device. The boiling point distributions of various hydrocarbons in VGO were calculated from the FID and TIC chromatograms by a home-developed data processing program. The obtained results agreed well with the test results of standard method.

SYNTHESIS AND TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF A WATER-SOLUBLE HETEROCYCLIC TRIAZINE DERIVATIVE AS LUBE ADDITIVE

2008, 39(10): 64-70. doi:

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2,4,6-tri-[N,N-bishydroxyethyl-amino-methylsulfanyl]-1,3,5-triazin(SNOT), an ashless and phosphorus free water-soluble compound, was synthesized and its structure was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The tribological behaviors of SNOT as an additive in water were evaluated with a four-ball test machine. Test results indicated that the extreme pressure property, anti-wear and friction reducing properties of test-water were improved significantly in comparison with the base water. The chemical features of the worn steel surface were examined by means of inverted metallographic microscope and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The analytical results showed that a boundary lubricating film containing S and N was formed due to the tribo-chemical reactions of said additive and the surface of friction pair, which contributed to improve the tribological properties of the water.

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