Table of Content

12 June 2008, Volume 39 Issue 6

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基础研究

EFFECT OF AROMATICITY ON RESIDUE HYDROTREATING REACTIONS

Niu Chuanfeng

2008, 39(6):  1-5.  doi:

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The effect of feed aromaticity on the reactions of vacuum residue hydrotreating was studied. It was found that when blending heavy distillates with high aromaticity into vacuum residue the reactions of hydrodemetallizaion (HDM) and hydrodeasphaltene (HDasp) were significantly promoted, on the contrary, when blending oil with high saturation these reactions were suppressed. The effect of feed aromaticity on the reactions of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and HDCCR was not significant. The experimental results indicated that the colloid structure of the vacuum residue could be altered by blending oil with high aromaticity, thus the performance of residue hydrotreating was influenced significantly.

EFFECT OF THE WAYS OF NICKEL CONTAMINATION ON THE CATALYTIC CRACKING PERFORMANCE OF FCC CATALYST

Xiaoli Wei

2008, 39(6):  6-10.  doi:

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The effect of nickel contamination including nickel contents and contamination ways, on the activity and selectivity of catalytic cracking catalysts was investigated. Results showed that the ways of nickel deposited on the catalyst played an important role on the catalytic performance, and the cracking activity of catalyst decreased with the increase of nickel content. Due to the strong catalytic dehydrogenation of nickel, negative effect on reaction selectivity was observed, such as the yields of dry gas and coke increased. However, the effect of deposited nickel on selectivity was varied with the ways of nickel deposition, e.g. nickel of industrial equilibrium catalyst had less negative effect than that of lab contaminated catalyst. It was found that the nickel of industrial equilibrium catalyst reduced the catalyst activity by way of decrease the number of Brönsted acid sites, and the nickel of lab contaminated catalyst affected the catalyst activity and selectivity by way of decrease the active site accessibility due to the blocking of catalyst channels and zeolite pores.

STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF ETHYLENE ON H-MORDENITE BY FREQUENCY RESPONSE TECHNIQUE

2008, 39(6):  11-14.  doi:

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The frequency response (FR) technique was applied to study the adsorption mechanism of ethylene on H-mordenite. The FR spectra of ethylene adsorbed on H-mordenite were recorded at a pressure range of 27-200pa and a temperature of 252K. The dynamics parameters of each adsorption process were derived from the FR spectra. The results showed that the adsorptions of ethylene under said pressure range were controlled by two adsorption processes, i.e. low frequency adsorption and high frequency adsorption. Combining the information from FR spectra and adsorption isotherms, it can be seen that the low frequency adsorption was the main process and the high frequency adsorption process was more sensitive to equilibrium pressure.

环保

MEASURES FOR CLEAN PRODUCTION OF ATMOSPHERIC & VACUUM DISTILLATION UNIT

2008, 39(6):  15-17.  doi:

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The clean production techniques developed and adopted by the crude oil distillation unit of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company in recent years were reviewed. The application of these technical measures resulted in reducing production cost and environmental pollution, which offered social and economic benefit.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF THE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTE LYE OF CYCLOHEXANONE PRODUCTION UNIT

ZHOU Ping

2008, 39(6):  18-21.  doi:

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In order to solve the waste lye separation problem of preparing cyclohexanone from cyclohexane, a gradient separation technique based on gravity sedimentation, hydrocyclone and coalescence techniques in series was proposed. Besides, a two stage countercurrent process of alkali wash was applied for the recycling water. This technology was adopted in the 80Kt/a cyclohexanone production unit of Baling Petrochemical Company successfully. The commercial application results showed that when the Na+ content of the 1st stage alkali wash separator inlet was in the range of 2.92%~3.20%, after treatment in the organic phase the contents of Na+ and water dropped form more than 6 mg/L (prior revamping) to less than 3 mg/L, and from 0.1%~0.2% (prior revamping) to 0.05%, respectively. The running length of alkane distillation column was prolonged from average 2 months to more than 9 months. Furthermore, the production cost was reduced, as well as less pollution.

PREPARATION OF NANO-TiO2 FILM AND ITS PHOTOCATALYSIS DEGRADATION OF WASTEWATER FROM ETHYLENE PLANT

2008, 39(6):  22-25.  doi:

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The Nanometer TiO2 film was prepared on the glass slide by sol-gel method, and its photocatalytic performance was evaluated through photocatalytic degradation of wastewater from ethylene plant. The results of orthogonal tests showed that the optimum preparation conditions were as follows: 1.2mL water was adding by drops, the volume ratios of TNB to C4H9OH, CH3COOH, and AcAc were 1:10, 5:2 and1:1, respectively; the volume ratio of AcAc to NH(CH2CH2OH)2 was 1:1, using n-butyl alcohol as solvent, two layers of film were loaded, finally, calcination at 420℃, for 1h. Characterization results of XRD and FT-IR indicated that the prepared thin film was a nanometer TiO2 film having anatase structure and with an average particle diameter of 12.49 nm. Said prepared TiO2 film exhibited optimal photocatalytic degradation of ethylene wastewater, when the photocatalytic treating time was 2.5h, the degradation rate reached 84.7%.

控制与优化

OPTIMIZATION ON HYDROGEN SYSTEM OF SHENHUA DIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION PROJECT

2008, 39(6):  26-29.  doi:

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This article analyzed the hydrogen requirement in Shenhua direct coal liquefaction project (SDCLP) and presented efforts in reducing hydrogen usage. In SDCLP, two coal gasifiers were used to provide hydrogen required for direct coal liquefaction and downstream oil hydrogenation processes. After deploying a membrane system at the outlet of cold high pressure separator, the hydrogen concentration of recycle gas increased from 86.6% to 97.0%. Thus, the consumption of make-up hydrogen could be greatly decreased from 28.93t/h to 9.19t/h, as well as the recycle cup operation of the second reactor was satisfied. Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) facility was also used to recover hydrogen from the hydrogen-rich off-gas discharged from coal liquefaction, solvent hydro-stabilization and hydro-upgrading units. In order to further increase hydrogen utilization, a suggestion of recovering hydrogen in the PSA tail gas was proposed.

The recipe PID control algorithm for the online gasoline blending and application

2008, 39(6):  30-34.  doi:

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The process of gasoline blending is slowly transitioning from the tank blending to the online blending in China. The effect of the optimization depends on the reliability of gasoline quality measurement and the accuracy of the blending rule. This article analyzes the cascade structure of recipe generations and execution in the blending process, then a new recipe PID control algorithm based on conventional PID control theory is introduced. Said algorithm was tested in a blending of a gasoline pool with streams from RFCC, FCC, reforming and MTBE. Results show that said algorithm can meet the basic quality requirements for online gasoline blending.

Simulation strategies and energy-use analysis and optimization for a main fractionating column of FCC

2008, 39(6):  35-40.  doi:

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The simulation strategy for the main fractionation column of a 1.0 Mt/a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit by using PRO/II software was discussed in this article. Simulation, energy-use analysis and optimization were also done for said FCC fractionating column. The compositions of the feed stream to the column were estimated by an isothermal flash in a backwards manner with known data of the product streams. Grayson-Streed method was chosen for the simulative calculation. The main fractionating column was divided into seven sections, and appropriate plate efficiencies were adjusted based on the known data of product streams. According to the simulation strategies, a model of said main fractionating column was built and the simulated results met the precision requirements of engineering calculation An energy-use analysis for this column was done through the energy and exergy analysis, and ε－Q drawings were used to reflect the process exergy loss. According to the study, the exergy loss of the column could be improved by enhancing the heat exchange of internal pump around with high temperature streams and reducing such exchange with low temperature streams. Simulation results showed that the exergy efficiency of the process could increase up to 25.7% with the aforementioned techniques without sacrificing requirements on the product distributions and specifications.

技术经济

TECHNICAL & ECONOMICAL ANALYSES OF REFINERY EXPANSION PROJECT AFTER ITS COMPLETION

2008, 39(6):  41-45.  doi:

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Abstract：The background and execution of SINOPEC Guangzhou’s refinery expansion project were introduced. The technical and economical analyses of refinery expansion project were also carried out. After the completion of the refinery expansion project, the primarily processing capabilities of crude oil and crude oil with high sulfer content are upgraded. So are the further processing capability, the clean fuel production capability and the production organization capability. It is also found at the same time that the technical and economical indicators, such as the processing loss, the complete production cost and so on, are not desirable due to, the low proportional low price hydrogen supply, the poor adaptability of residual oil processing capacity to deteriorated crude oil quality, the lack of optimized product structure and so on. All these reduce economic efficiency. To bring the technical and economical indicators to a higher level and upgrade the economic efficiency it is key important for us to further optimize the unit structure, to proportionally lower the hydrogen production, to increase the residual oil processing capacity, to improve the unit operation ability and finally to optimize the product structure.

催化剂

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF CLCDS-Ⅱ ADDITIVE IN RFCCU

[中]于海明 [英]Yu Hai-ming

2008, 39(6):  46-49.  doi:

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The industrial application of CLCDS-Ⅱ additive in the 1.4Mt/a RFCC unit of Qingdao Petrochemical Company was introduced. The results showed that when the additive dosage was 0.5% of the fresh catalyst make up, it could effectively promote CO combustion and prevent secondary burning. Furthermore, it could improve the product slates, as compared with the base case, the yields of dry gas and coke reduced 0.19 and 0.24 percentage points, respectively; the total liquid yield and LPG yield increased 1.04 and 1.71 percentage points, respectively. Without negative effect on product quality was observed.

THE EFFECT OF ADDING SILICA ON THE STRUCTURE AND CATALYTIC PROPERTY OF SOLID SUPERACID S2O82- /SnO2

2008, 39(6):  50-55.  doi:

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A solid superacid S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2 was prepared by the method of precipitation-impregnation. The solid samples were characterized by FT-IR, BET, TG, UV and XRD techniques, and the diacetal reaction activity of pentaerythritol and benzaldehyde over the prepared catalyst samples was evaluated. The characterization results indicated that the addition of SiO2 to SnO2 could promote the combination of S2O82- with Sn, and thus the specific surface area and acidity of the catalyst were increased. The optimum conditions of catalyst preparation were as follow: a SnO2/SiO2 mass ratio of 1, a (NH4)2S2O8 steeping concentration of 1 mol/L and a calcination temperature of 500 ℃. Using catalyst prepared under such conditions to the diacetal reaction of pentaerythritol and benzaldehyde, the yield of diacetal reached 89.7%.

加工工艺

STUDY ON THE SELECTION OF C8 AROMATICS ISOMERIZATION TECHNOLOGY

2008, 39(6):  56-59.  doi:

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Comparison between two types of C8 aromatics isomerization catalysts, ethylbenzene (EB) dealkylation catalyst and EB conversion catalyst, in the aspects of reaction activity, operation conditions, product distributions and processing capacity were described. A selection of technologies was discussed for the 60×104 t/a new integrated aromatics complex of Shanghai Petrochemical Company based on the conditions of the integrated unit, feed properties, catalyst performance, estimated material balance results and yield of para-xylene, finally, technology with EB dealkylation catalyst was adopted. It was concluded by the economic analysis data that technology with EB dealkylation catalyst required less equipment investment and could provide lower production cost for the objective product.

SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF DEMULSIFIERS FOR PROCESSING KAZAKHSTAN CRUDE OIL

2008, 39(6):  60-62.  doi:

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When processing Kazakhstan crude oil with high salt content, demulsifier was preferred to be used during crude oil desalting. Screening tests of various demulsifiers were carried out by static and dynamic electrical desalting simulated site conditions, and two optimum demulsifiers, SH992 and GT922, were selected for commercial trial. The trial was conducted on the third crude oil distillation unit of Dushanzi Petrochemical Company, and the results showed that using SH992 or GT922 as demulsifier with a dosage of 25mg/L, under the conditions of a water injection amount of 4%, an electrical desalting temperature of 130℃ and an electric intensity of 800KV/cm, the salt content of the desalted crude oil was less than 3 mg/L, meeting the trade target of PetroChina.

STUDY ON THE PROCESS CONDITIONS OF EXTRACTING BITUMEN FROM INDONESIA OIL SAND WITH ORGANIC SOLVENT

2008, 39(6):  63-66.  doi:

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The composition, structure and particle size of Indonesia oil sand were analyzed by Dean-Stark method, scanning electron microscope and particle size analysis, respectively. The results showed that the suitable way of separating bitumen from Indonesia oil sand was solvent extraction. The effect of various solvents including trichlorethylene, toluene, ligarine, naphtha and naphtha containing polarity compounds, on the extraction results was investigated, and the naphtha containing polarity compounds was found to be the best solvent. The optimum process conditions were proposed as follows: solvent to oil sand volume ratio = 1.3:1, extracting at 50～60℃ for 15～30min with stirring speed of 100～300 r/min.

REVAMPING OF HYDROGEN MANUFACTURE SYSTEM IN THE POLYPROPYLENE UNIT

2008, 39(6):  67-70.  doi:

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The problems existed in the hydrogen manufacture system of the polypropylene unit of Wuhan Petrochemical Company and their countermeasures were summarized. It was found that after revamping the hydrogen manufacture system was running reliably, the quality of the hydrogen improved, the consumption of energy and water was reduced and the running period of polypropylene unit was prolonged.