PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

STUDY ON COMBINED CATALYSTS FOR HYDROFINING OF MIX COKER DISTILLATES

2008, 39(5): 1-5. doi:

Asbtract ( 2097 )

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Hydrofining catalyst NiMoW/Al2O3-TiO2 and de-silicon guard catalyst NiMo/Al2O3 were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD and so on. The combined catalysts were used for hydrofining the mixture of coker gasoline and diesel fractions, and the process conditions were studied. The results showed that with the increase of TiO2 content in the support, the pore volume, specific surface area and total amount of acid sites of the NiMoW/Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst decreased, however its bulk density increased and crush strength reduced slightly. When the TiO2 content in the support reached 5%, octahedrite structure appeared in XRD pattern. The HDS, HDN and hygrogenation activity of NiMoW/Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst was better than that of NiMoW/Al2O3 catalyst. The de-silicon NiMo/Al2O3 guard catalyst possessed large pore volume and specific surface area, its pore distributions concentrated at pore radius greater than 5.0 nm and thus it exhibited good capacity of containing silicon. The results of hydrofining tests carried on a 100ml-scale pilot unit indicated that the optimum process conditions of the combined catalysts for hydrofining mix coker distillates were under a reaction temperature of 340℃, a LHSV of 2.0 h-1, a H2/oil volume ratio of 500 and a reaction pressure of 6.7 MPa.

DEVELOPMENT OF CATALYSTS FOR CATALYTIC INCINERATION OF TAIL GAS FROM THE SULFUR RECOVERY UNIT

2008, 39(5): 6-11. doi:

Asbtract ( 2078 )

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Two types of mixed-metal oxide catalysts supported on silica, FCI-xx and FCI-01, were developed for catalytic incineration of tail gas from the sulfur recovery unit. Between the two catalysts, FCI-xx exhibited better performance for catalytic incineration of hydrogen sulfide only feed stream. Under the optimized operating parameters as pre-heater temperature 280℃, reactor temperature ≥320℃, oxygen excess coefficient 1.5～2.0, and a space velocity of 4 500～7 500 h-1, the conversion of hydrogen sulfide and the yield of sulfur dioxide were close to 100% when hydrogen sulfide inlet concentration was ≤3 370 μL/L. Based on FCI-xx catalyst, a third metal component was added to obtain the FCI-01 catalyst, which was suitable for treating stream containing both hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide, for example, in the incineration of tail gas from SCOT. The conversion of hydrogen sulfide was higher than 99.9％, and the yield of sulfur dioxide ranged from 70% to 80％, and the conversion of carbonyl sulfide exceed 70％, when FCI-01 catalyst was operated under the optimized parameters as pre-heater temperature 280℃, reactor temperature 350℃, oxygen excess coefficient ≥1.5, a space velocity of 6 000 h-1, hydrogen sulfide inlet 2 000 μL/L, and carbonyl sulfide inlet 150 μL/L.

EFFECT OF MODIFYING AGENT ON FCC CATALYST PROPERTIES

Su Yi

2008, 39(5): 12-15. doi:

Asbtract ( 1944 )

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In the manufacture of semi-synthetic fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, the properties of catalyst slurry prior to spray draying have significant effect on catalyst properties. Based on the principles of colloid chemistry, interfacial chemistry and catalysis, the effect of various modifying agents on the properties of kaolin and catalyst slurry, such as zeta potential and viscosity, as well as catalytic performance, were investigated. Test results showed that with the addition of certain modifying agent the solid content of catalyst slurry could be increased from 19.5 % to 32 %, and the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of prepared catalyst were improved: the attrition index (AI) was decreased from 2.4h-1 to 1.8h-1 and the microactivity (MA) of light oil was increased from 73.8 to 75.7.

STUDY ON THE ISOMERIZATION OF n-HEXANE OVER β ZEOLITE SUPPORTED MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE CATALYST

2008, 39(5): 16-19. doi:

Asbtract ( 1791 )

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β-zeolite supported molybdenum carbide catalyst was prepared by impregnation and temperature programming reduction using n-hexane as carbon source. The XRD results showed that β-Mo2C existed in the catalyst which was active to isomerization reaction. Using n-hexane as model reactant the investigation of the effect of reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, space velocity and ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon, on the catalytic performance of hydroisomerization over said catalyst was carried out on a fixed-bed down-flow reactor. Results showed that under the optimum conditions of a reaction temperature range of 270℃～275℃, a reaction pressure range of 1.0～1.5MPa, a LHSV range of 1.0～1.5h-1 and a volume ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon of 200, when the n-hexane conversion was 80%, the selectivity to isomers and the isomers yield were 71% and 57%, respectively.

Research of Co-Mo/SBA-15 Deep Hydrodesulfurization Catalyst

2008, 39(5): 20-24. doi:

Asbtract ( 1969 )

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High performance hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts were prepared by depositing Co-Mo sulfides on meso-porous SBA-15 molecular sieve. The prepared catalysts were characterized by means of XRD and BET techniques. Results showed that the prepared catalyst preserved well-ordered 2D hexagonal structure of SBA-15, yet its specific surface area was a bit low. On fixed bed reactor using 0.5% DBT cyclohexane solution as model compound, the influence of metal compositions and the optimum reaction conditions were investigated. Using a high sulfur content FCC diesel fraction as feed, the HDS activity of the catalyst loaded with 5% Co and 25% Mo were tested under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 360oC, a reaction pressure of 4MP, a hydrogen/oil ratio of 400 and a WHSV of 4.0 h-1, the maximum HDS rate reached 95.59%.

OPERATION SCHEME OF DISTILLATION UNIT FOR PROVIDING FEED TO PRODUCE FOOD GRADE MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX

2008, 39(5): 25-27. doi:

Asbtract ( 1982 )

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In order to use the 5th vacuum side cut as raw material to produce food grade microcrystalline wax and lube base oil, the operation conditions of vacuum distillation unit was investigated in the No. 1 Refinery of Fushun Petrochemical Company. Results showed that when the exit temperature of distillation furnace was adjusted from 380±1℃ to 385±1℃, the amount of washing oil was increased from 35 tons to 45 tons, the recovered temperature of 5th vacuum side cut was adjusted from 352℃ to 355℃, and the lifted gas in vacuum column and stripping tower was slightly adjusted, the quality of the 5th vacuum side cut was improved to meet the requirements. The quality of microcrystalline wax produced from said 5th vacuum side cut well met the National Standard of 70# microcrystalline wax (food grade), and HVI500 lube base oil was obtained from said 5th vacuum side cut too.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GYF DEMETALLIZATION AGENT FOR CRUDE OIL

Hu Ting-Ping Xu Guo-Ping

2008, 39(5): 28-31. doi:

Asbtract ( 2074 )

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The performance of GYF demetallization agent for crude oil was studied in the laboratory. The effect of mixing intensity, residence time, reaction temperature, and agent/metal molar ratio on metals removal was investigated. The results showed that under the conditions of an agent/metal molar ratio in the range of 1.5~2, a treating temperature of 120℃, a residence time of 40min and a mixing intensity of 2000r/min, the removal rates of calcium, iron and nickel were 91.0%, 70% and 60%, respectively. Meanwhile, the special functional groups in GYF agent could significantly improve the removal of porphyrin type metals from the crude oil.

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF Co-Mo/Al2O3 SERIES HDS CATALYST BY IN-SITU THERMOGRAVIMETRIC SULFIDATION

2008, 39(5): 32-35. doi:

Asbtract ( 2154 )

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The thermogravimetric (TG) behaviors of Co-Mo/Al2O3 hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts in the H2S/ H2 stream were studied in this paper. A relative sulfidation degree (RSD) of HDS catalyst was proposed to describe the sulfidation status of a catalyst and it could be determined by in-situ TG method. The correlation between RSD and the HDS activity was investigated, and good agreement was observed. High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) was used to analyze the micro-morphology of catalyst samples taken from TG analyzer and microreactor respectively. Results showed that the micrographs, as well as the calculation data of active phase (MoS2) of these two samples were similar. Therefor the HDS activity of catalysts could be estimated quickly by in-situ sulfidation using TG analyzer.

STUDY ON THE OXIDATION STABILITY OF HIGH CYCLOALKANE BASE OIL FOR ROLLING ALUMINUM MATERIAL

2008, 39(5): 36-39. doi:

Asbtract ( 2097 )

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Two kinds of oils, both low in sulfur and aromatics contents but various in cycloalkane contents, were selected to be used as base oils for rolling aluminum material. Their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, and the aromatic hydrocarbons content was tested according to the ultraviolet prismatic luminosity method. The oxidation stability of these samples was tested by an oxidation stability tester (for SH0206 transformer oil). The differences of function groups between base oil prior and post to oxidation test were determined by FT-IR. Results indicated that the oxidation stability of base oil with high cycloalkane content was inferior: acid and ester were formed during the oxidizing process, yet adding phenol antioxidant and metal deactivator into said base oil could significantly improved its oxidation stability, and positive synergistic effect between these two additives was observed.

DEVELOPMENT OF LUBRICATING ADDITIVE RHY1601 FOR DIESEL FUELS

2008, 39(5): 40-44. doi:

Asbtract ( 1977 )

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The type of lubricating additive for diesel fuel was selected by screening various additives, and hydrotreated diesel fuel with low sulfur and aromatics contents produced by Daqing Petrochemical Company was used as base oil. The optimum synthetic conditions of the selected additive RHY1601 were obtained through orthogonal experiments. It was identified by FT-IR results that RHY1601 additive was a mixture of ester and amide. Results of lubricating performance test showed adding RHY1601 additive could significantly improve the lubricity of diesel fuel, especially for diesel fuel with low sulfur and aromatic contents, which met the lubricity requirement of National Standard GB/T 19147.

SCREENING TEST OF ADDITIVES FOR SUPPRESSING WAX SEPARATION FROM DIESEL FUEL

SHI Ying-Jun

2008, 39(5): 45-49. doi:

Asbtract ( 2164 )

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During transportation the wax deposition of diesel fuel containing flow improver often occurs, which leads to non-uniform cold filter plugging point and affects use. The screening test of additives for suppressing wax deposition was carried out using 0# diesel fuel produced by Jinan Company, various domestic flow improvers and co-additives. Storage tests at low temperature were carried out and a kind of co-additive having the function of suppressing wax separation was selected. It could be used with pour point depressant to form a complex flow improver to suppress the wax separation from diesel fuel. Storage test results at various temperatures showed that stirring and transfer of tank could fully recover the complex function of suppressing wax deposition, and the optimal time for transfer of tank was between 3-4 p.m.

STUDY ON THE CAUSE AND COUNTERMEASURE OF THE COLORING OF BOHAI STRAIT-RUN DISTILLATE DURING ALKALI TREATMENT

WANG Yan-Zhen

2008, 39(5): 50-53. doi:

Asbtract ( 2092 )

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It was found that Bohai strait-run diesel fuel turned red when it was treated with alkali aqueous solution. Liquid chromatograph was used to separate and enrich the coloring matter, and the structure of the coloring matter was identified by FT-IR. Results indicated that the coloring matter contained phenolic group/carbonyl group/nitrile group/isocyanate group and had a structure of double phenolic structure like phenolphthalein. Said coloring matter could be removed by the adsorption treatment of alumina or activated carbon.

CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER BORATE NANO-PARTICLES AND THEIR TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

2008, 39(5): 54-58. doi:

Asbtract ( 2464 )

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The morphology, phase and surface structure of copper borate nano-particles modified by sodium oleate were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Said nano-particles having particle sizes in the range of 60～90nm could be stably dispersed in aqueous solution. Their tribological properties in aqueous solution were tested by four ball test device, and the worn surfaces of the steel ball were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that load-carrying capacity of water could be significantly improved when 0.1～2.5% said nano-particles was added, as well as anti-wear and friction reduction properties. Elemental composition of the rubbing surface was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that copper trioxide, boron trioxide and iron oxide were found on the rubbing surface, indicating copper borate nano-particles played an important role in anti-wear and friction reducing.

STUDY ON VEGETABLE COMPOUND WAX FOR EMULSION EXPLOSIVE

Jianyu Zhang

2008, 39(5): 59-61. doi:

Asbtract ( 2179 )

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Vegetable compound wax for emulsion explosive was prepared by mixing vegetable wax with 5th vacuum cuts (a), 4th foot oil from raw paraffin (b), crystallite wax (c) and petroleum resin (d) at 120℃ and stirring for 60 minutes. The effect of raw material components on the performance of compound wax was investigated. It was found that vegetable compound wax prepared from 16.7% vegetable wax, 18.8% (a), 58.3% (b), 4.1%(c) and 2.1% (d) exhibited excellent performance having needle penetration of 68 (1/10) mm, drop melting point of 60℃, kinematic viscosity of 8.13 mm2/s and its oil content was 34.81%. Besides, it was convenient to be used and transported since it was solid at ambient temperature, thus, it was an ideal oil phase material for emulsion explosive.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FCC CATALYST CONTINUOUS MIXING TECHNOLOGY

2008, 39(5): 62-66. doi:

Asbtract ( 1830 )

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The evaluation of FCC catalyst mixing homogeneity was established and the effect of operation parameters on the mixing homogeneity was determined by using a home-made continuous mixer. Results showed that said continuous mixer could provide excellent mixing performance: under maximum feeding speed and various mixing ratios the catalyst mixing homogeneity reached 95% without obvious catalyst particles broken.

A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE CONTINUOUS CATALYTIC REFORMING UNIT

2008, 39(5): 67-70. doi:

Asbtract ( 1977 )

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This article analyzed the energy consumption within the continuous catalytic reforming unit (CCRU) and discussed the effect of the catalyst regeneration technology on the energy consumption and overall capital cost. It was found that in the CCRU, the heating requirement for feed pretreatment and product separation had more energy consumption than other parts of the system. When comparing the energy consumption of CCRU using different catalyst regeneration technologies designed for similar projects, the difference mainly resulted from the catalyst regeneration section. Process with hot circulation had an edge in energy saving than that of process with cold circulation. However, the energy consumption from this section had little impact to the overall energy consumption of the CCRU.

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