PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

USING MICRO-REACTOR AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPH COMBINED APPARATUS TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF LBO-A CO-CATALYST ON FCC NAPHTHA UPGRADING

2008, 39(11): 1-4. doi:

Asbtract ( 1933 )

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The effect of LBO-A co-catalyst on FCC naphtha upgrading was studied using a self-made micro-reactor and gas chromatograph combined apparatus by changing the reaction temperature, residence time and catalyst to oil ratio. The optimum operation conditions for FCC naphtha upgrading were obtained as follows: the reaction temperature was within the range of 420℃~450℃, a residence time of 0.024s and a weight ratio of catalyst to oil of 6. Tests of FCC naphtha upgrading were conducted under such optimum reaction conditions (with a reaction temperature of 450℃), as compared with the untreated naphtha the olefin content of the treated naphtha decreased from 40.74% to 25.80%, the contents of isoparaffin and aromatics increased significantly, the computed octane number (RON) was 5.48 unit higher, yet the naphtha yield dropped 14.25 percentage points and the LPG yield increased 13.52 percentage points.

REACTIVATION OF RESIDUE HYDROCONVERSION CATALYST

ZHAO Ying-Xian Ying YU Feng WEI

2008, 39(11): 5-9. doi:

Asbtract ( 1936 )

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Catalytic hydro-processing is an important technology for residue oil upgrading, but the catalysts are easy to be deactivated due to the deposition of coke and metals on the catalyst surface. Burning off the coke from spent hydro-processing catalyst might cause structure collapse of the catalyst, and thus the investigation of using various solvents to extract the spent catalyst was carried out. Test results showed that extraction with heteroatom containing strong organic solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, pyridine and quinoline, could not remove coke from the spent catalyst, besides surface contamination might happen due to the strong adsorption. Washing with dilute HCl acid could effectively remove calcium and iron deposits from the surfaces of catalyst pellets, yet it had little effect on removing coke. Using hydrotreated gas oil as solvent, under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 400 C, a hydrogen partial pressure of 10 MPa and a reaction time of 1 h, a portion of coke deposits could be removed yet without the function of hydrogenating coke. Tetralin, a hydrogen donor, exhibited good function of removing coke from spent hydro-processing catalyst. As soon as the deposits of coke or/and metals were partially removed from the spent catalyst, the HDS activity of said catalyst was enhanced.

APPLICATION OF NEW DEOXIDATION CATALYST IN THE UNIT OF RECOVERING CONCENTRATED ETHYLENE FROM FCC DRY GAS

2008, 39(11): 10-13. doi:

Asbtract ( 1899 )

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A deoxidation catalyst newly developed by Sichuan Tianyi Cooperation was applied in the dry gas to ethylene unit, a first unit using self-developed technology for recovering concentrated ethylene from FCC dry gas in China. The commercial application results showed that said catalyst could significantly remove oxygen from the feed gas, e.g. the oxygen content of the treated gas was dropped to less than 1μg/g from the original 300~900 μg/g, which well met the requirement of downstream unit. The service life of the catalyst was already more than two years, which was longer than the design value.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE COPPER MODIFIED ZEOLITE ADSORBENTS FOR DESULFURIZATION

Liu Xiao-Xin

2008, 39(11): 14-17. doi:

Asbtract ( 2225 )

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Three desulfurization adsorbents were prepared by cation-exchanging 13X, REUSY and SSY zeolite samples with cupric nitrate solution. These adsorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectrum techniques. The characterization results showed that the specific surface area and poor volume of Cu/13X zeolite sample decreased significantly, indicating partial structure collapsed might happen during the Cu modification process; the internal structure of REUSY and SSY zeolite samples prior and post to Cu modification was basically unchanged. Test results of side-stream on site with C4 stream showed that the desulfurization performance of Cu/SSY adsorbent was the best among these three zeolite adsorbents.

PREPARATION OF NANO-NaY/Al2O3 COMPOSITE AND ITS CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE IN FCC DIESEL FRACTION HYDRO-UPGRADING

Yu Feifei

2008, 39(11): 18-22. doi:

Asbtract ( 2008 )

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The nano-NaY/Al2O3 composite material was prepared by sol-gel method and the prepared composite was characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, Py-IR, BET and etc. The characterization results showed that said composite material having a specific surface area of 321 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.73 cm3/g and an average pore diameter of 9.1 nm, possessed weak acid sites mainly; its micro-pores were distributed around 0.55 nm, and its dual meso-pores were distributed around 4 nm and 7 nm respectively. The hydro-upgrading of FCC diesel fraction over Ni-Mo-P catalyst using nano-HY/Al2O3 composite as carrier was evaluated by a high pressure micro-reactor. Test results showed that as compared with Ni-Mo-P catalyst using micro-HY/Al2O3 carrier, under similar hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) rate, similar density and cetane number of treated oil, the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performance of catalyst having composite material was a bit better.

STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF PETROLEUM SULFONATE FROM THE EXTRACT OIL OF LUBE OIL SOLVENT REFINING

2008, 39(11): 23-25. doi:

Asbtract ( 2413 )

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Petroleum sulfonate was obtained through sulfonation reaction using extract oil from lube oil solvent refining unit as raw material and fuming sulfuric acid as sulfonation agent. The impact of reaction conditions, such as acid/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on the product yield was studied. Results showed that the yield of petroleum sulfonic acid was 64.14% under the conditions of an acid/oil volume ratio of 0.12, a reaction temperature of 60℃and a reaction time of 45 min. The obtained petroleum sulfonic acid was reacted with 10% sodium hydroxide to form petroleum sulfonate, and then it was recovered by ethanol extraction. It was found that the content of active component in the obtained petroleum sulfonate was 42.10%, which could be used as surface-active agent.

PREPARATION OF LUBE OIL DETERGENT BY HIGH GRAVITY PROCESS AND ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT PROPERTIES

2008, 39(11): 26-29. doi:

Asbtract ( 2373 )

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Combining the high gravity technology and synthesis mechanism of lube detergent, a new route using high gravity rotating reactor to in-situ prepare overbased calcium petroleum sulfonate, a lube oil detergent, was proposed and put into practice. The properties of the detergent sample prepared by the new method well met the requirements of the first class product in Trade Standard SH/T 0042-1991. The observation results of freeze-etching replication transmission electron microscopy showed that the fine crystal particles of calcium carbonate in the alkaline colloidal structure were in the range of 10-30 nm and with an average diameter of 20 nm, which provided the product with good transmissivity and fluidity.

SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF AMINATED POLYMER POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS FOR CRUDE OIL

ZHANG Hong XIAO Wen-fa

2008, 39(11): 30-35. doi:

Asbtract ( 2754 )

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A series of new pour point depressants (PPD) for crude oil having high wax content were synthesized by aminating the copolymer of acrylic alkyl ester reacted with maleic anhydride, vinyl acetate and phenylethylene. The pour point reduction behavior of the prepared PPD was investigated using two types of crude oil, Daqing crude and mixed Nile-Aman crude. Results showed that the aminated polymer PPD possessed good performance of reducing crude oil setting point, the maximum reduction range reached 27 ℃. The relationship between the temperature of PPD added into crude oil and the effect of pour point reduction was also studied. It was found that the PPD added temperature had a significant effect on the pour point depressing function; good pour point reduction result could be obtained with a PPD added temperature higher than the temperature of wax precipitated from crude only.

SYNTHESIS AND TRIBOLIGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF TRIAZINE DERIVATIVE AS ADDITIVE OF RAPESEED OIL

2008, 39(11): 35-38. doi:

Asbtract ( 2232 )

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A new ashless and non-phosphorus containing triazine derivative, 2,4,6-tri (n-dodecyldithio)-1,3,5-s-triazine (TOBT), was prepared. Using rapeseed oil (RSO) as base oil, the effects of load, testing time and additive dosage on the tribological performance of RSO with and without additives were investigated by a four-ball test machine. Results showed that TOBT used as additive of RSO exhibited good anti-wear and friction reducing properties, as well as enhanced load-carrying capacity. The friction coefficient of RSO having TOBT was lower as compared with that of RSO. The tribological performance of RSO having TOBT was better than that of RSO having dithiododecyl (TOTT) additive, which indicated that the higher sulfur content and the existence of compact triazine structure in TOBT could effectively improve its tribological performance as additive.

TRIBOLOGICAL AND SELF REPAIRING PERFORMANCES OF COMPOSITE NANOPARTICLE ADDITIVE CONTAINING SILICON AND TIN

2008, 39(11): 39-44. doi:

Asbtract ( 1864 )

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Complex nanoparticles containing silicon and tin were prepared by chemical method. The tribological properties of the prepared complex nanoparticles used as additive of HVI500 oil were evaluated using a four ball test machine, and the self-healing function of the additive to the worn steel surface was examined on a ring-on-block test rig. The morphologies and elemental distributions of the worn steel surfaces were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy, roughness measurement apparatus and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. It was found that the anti-wear performance and load-carrying capacity of the base oil were improved significantly by using complex nanoparticles as additive, yet little effect on the friction-reducing property of the base stock was observed. Moreover, the complex nanoparticles were capable of self-healing the worn steel surface under certain test conditions. The improved anti-wear performance and load-carrying capacity of the base stock, and the self-healing function to the worn steel surface in the presence of said nanoparticle additive were attributed to the adsorption and deposition of the nanoparticles on the sliding surface, and subsequently the formation of a boundary lubricating film having low shearing strength.

INFLUENCE OF EMULSION OIL ON THE SURFACE CLEANNESS OF COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEET

2008, 39(11): 45-48. doi:

Asbtract ( 1805 )

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The surface cleanliness of annealed steel sheet was depended on the amount of residue after rolling; less rolled residue would result in good product surface cleanness. The influences of the performance of emulsion oil on the surface cleanness of cold rolled and annealed sheets were compared using two kinds of rolling emulsion oil by thermal gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) technique. Test results showed that the surface cleanness of cold rolled and annealed sheets could be effectively improved by enhancing the thermal volatility of emulsion oil and appropriately increasing its lubricating performance.

STUDY ON REMOVING NAPHTHENIC ACID FROM HEAVY DISTILLATES VIA MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE

2008, 39(11): 49-54. doi:

Asbtract ( 1920 )

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Using microporous membrane to remove naphthenic acid from the 4th vacuum cut of Karamay naphthenic-intermediate base crude oil was introduced. The effect of parameters, such as alkali concentration, reaction temperature, the mass ratio of solvent to oil and flow rate of continuous phase, on the removal of acid was discussed. Results showed that using a membrane reactor with a cross section area of 0.2cm2 and a feed having an acid value of 8.03 mgKOH/g, under the conditions of an alkali concentration of 6%～8%, a reaction temperature of 62～65℃, a solvent/oil mass ratio of 0.25 and a continuous phase flow rate of 254～334 g/min, the acid removal rate could be more than 95%. The solvent and petroleum acid were recovered at the same time. The extraction rate of petroleum acid was about 8.0%～8.5% and the obtained petroleum acid had an acid value of 90 mgKOH/g and a purity of more than 60%.

RESEARCH OF THE CORROSION LAW OF 10# CARBON STEEL IN NaHCO3-Na2SO4 SYSTEM

Ren Xiaoguang

2008, 39(11): 55-58. doi:

Asbtract ( 2298 )

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Factors influenced the corrosion rate of 10# carbon steel in the system of NaHCO3-Na2SO4 solution, such as temperature, pH value, corrosive ions (Cl-, S2-, HCO3-, NO3-, CO32-) and rust inhibitive ions (MoO42-, NO2-, Cr2O72- , Zn2+), were investigated. Results showed that at 60℃ and 80℃ with a critical HCO3- concentration of 0.1 mol/L, the corrosion rate of 10# carbon steel was almost zero; when HCO3- concentration was higher or lower than 0.1 mol/L, the corrosion rate increased; when HCO3- concentration reached 0.2 mol/L, the corrosion rate seemed to have a decrease trend, which indicated that high concentration of HCO3- ions could suppress the corrosion of carbon steel by forming a passivation film. The erosion of corrosive ions to carbon steel increased from low to high in the order of Cl-＜NO3-＜S2-＜CO32-. Rust inhibitive ions, MoO42-, NO2- and Zn2+ ions, could protect the steel from corrosion by raising the solution pH value to form a protective film on the surface of carbon steel; yet Cr2O72- ions would decrease the pH value of the solution, and thus the corrosion was enhanced.

STUDY ON THE SHELL SIDE HEAT TRANSFER AND FLOW RESISTANCE

JIANG Nan

2008, 39(11): 59-61. doi:

Asbtract ( 1932 )

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A new type of shell-tube heat exchanger having longitudinal-helical flows was studied, in which heat transfer on the shell side of the exchanger was enhanced by inserting helical ribbons between tubes. Using hot water in shell side and cool water in tube side, experiments were carried out to compare the heat transfer performance and flow resistance in the shell side between the new type of heat exchanger and the conventional bow-type baffle heat exchanger. Besides, the effect of ribbons with and without holes on the heat transfer performance was investigated as well. Results showed that under the same pressure drop, the heat transfer coefficient in shell side for helical ribbon heat exchanger was 1.4～8.0 times of that for baffle heat exchanger; the heat transfer performance of heat exchanger having ribbons with holes was better than that of heat exchanger having ribbons without hole. This type of new helical ribbon heat exchanger had good performance of heat transfer and flow resistance due to its improved structure, thus it might have a promising application prospect.

OPTIMIZING CRUDE TANK FARM MANAGEMENT TO ELIMINATE MAINTAINING STEAM FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION

Chao Gong

2008, 39(11): 62-65. doi:

Asbtract ( 2129 )

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The crude tank farm of refinery consumes a great deal of steam to maintain the temperature of crude oil, which is a potential field for energy saving. Through optimizing the management of crude tank farm and adopting technical measures, such as flexible setting the storing temperature of various crude oils, raising the temperature of crude oil in and out, using low temperature heat water to replace steam, putting heat insulation paint on the floating roof of crude tank and etc., the elimination of maintaining steam from crude tank farm can be realized. A survey of 19 enterprises of SINOPEC shows that an energy conservation of 3.18105 GJ/a can be obtained by conducting these measures and the investment recovery period is less than 2 years.

INDUCTIVE MUTATION OF A BIODESULFURIZATION STRAIN FOR DIESEL OIL

2008, 39(11): 66-69. doi:

Asbtract ( 1904 )

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A desulfurizing strain CYU-1 was modified by inductive mutation with UV ray irradiation. The death rates of bacterial strain were studied under various conditions. Test results showed that the inductive mutation was succeeded under the optimum conditions of using a 20W UV ray source with an exposure distance of 30 cm and an exposure time of 10 s. The desulfurization capability and environmental adaptability of the strain were improved significantly by three times of inductive mutation, primary screening and secondary screening. The desulfurization rate of the modified strain in diesel oil having a sulfur concentration of 382.2 mg/L reached 31%, which was much higher than that of the initial strain (22%).

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