PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

REMOVAL OF BASIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS FROM DIESEL FUEL BY INTENSIFYING MOLECULAR MAGNETISM SEPARATION

LI Bao-Shan

2007, 38(11): 1-5. doi:

Asbtract ( 1848 )

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The magnetic adsorbent for separating basic nitrogen compounds (BNC) in diesel fuel was prepared by precipitation method using ammonia as precipitator to react with Fe2+ and Fe3+. The BNC removal rates under various conditions were determined and the influence of additional magnetic field on the removal rate was studied. The results showed that the presence of additional magnetic field could promote the adsorption of BNC to the surface of magnetic adsorbent, thus, the removal of BNC was enhanced. Under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 0℃, a reaction time of 10 min, a mass ratio of adsorbent to oil of 0.06, when treating a model oil with a BNC concentration of 65.6 μg/g, the BNC removal rates were 83.3% and 94.0% for base case and with additional magnetic field (solenoid electric current intensity of 5A), respectively. At the same treating conditions, when a diesel fuel sample with a BNC concentration of 45.4 μg/g was tested, the BNC removal rates were 72.0% and 90.1% for base case and with additional magnetic field (solenoid electric current intensity of 5.0A), respectively; and the oil recovery rates were 98.1% and 98.9%, respectively.

STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE BY ELECTROCHEMISTRY DEOXIDATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE DESULFURIZATION OF GASOLINE

Shu-jun Wang

2007, 38(11): 6-9. doi:

Asbtract ( 2026 )

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A method for removing sulfur compounds from gasoline was investigated involving the conversion of sodium metaborate to sodium borohydride by electrochemistry deoxidation and the incorporation of a kind of metal compounds. Base on the thermodynamic calculation result, the feasibility of converting sodium metaborate to sodium borohydride by electrochemistry deoxidation was validated. Then the effects of various metal compounds, the volume of cathode electrolyte, reaction time and the water content in the deoxidation system on the desulfurization rate of gasoline were studied. The results showed that under the conditions of adding 10 mL saturated nickel sulfate methanol solution into 30 mL FCC naphtha, then adding 50 mL of prepared cathode electrolyte with a reaction time of 15 min, the sulfur content of FCC naphtha could be dropped to 161 μg/g from the original 310 μg/g, the sulfur removal rate reached 48.1%.

STUDY ON THE VARIATION OF AROMATICS CONTENT IN FCC NAPHTHA WITH THE CHANGE OF REACTION CONDITIONS AND CATALYSTS

2007, 38(11): 10-14. doi:

Asbtract ( 2052 )

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The aromatics content of FCC naphtha was analyzed by gas chromatography method, and the results were correlated with the industry standard method (SH/T0693) quite well. Catalyst evaluation was carried out on a small scale fixed fluidized bed unit, the variations of aromatics contents in the gasoline fraction with the changes of reaction conditions and various catalysts were summarized. Although increase catalyst to oil ratio and increase reaction temperature were the two usual approaches for raising conversion, the results showed that their effects on the benzene content of gasoline fraction were different, the latter had significant influence, but the former had only a little influence. When additive for enhancing propylene yield was added in the catalyst system, the benzene content of FCC naphtha and propylene yield increased simultaneously.

ANALYSIS OF MIP SERIES TECNOLOGY IN REDUCING SULFUR CONTENT OF FCC NAPHTHA

2007, 38(11): 15-19. doi:

Asbtract ( 2023 )

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Data of sulfur contents of naphtha from running MIP units were collected and analyzed in this paper. The statistical data showed that sulfur transfer coefficient (STC) based on similar naphtha dry point could accurately and efficiently evaluate the effect of naphtha desulfurization by various catalytic cracking technologies. Based on the similar naphtha dry points, the STC of MIP series processes was in the range of 4.91%～7.30%, which was 30～50% lowered as compared with that of conventional FCC process (with a STC of 10%). When the dry point of naphtha was below 185℃, the STC of MIP-CGP process was 3.93%, while those of FDFCC-III process and ARGG process were 6.27% and 10.6%, respectively. When the dry point of gasoline was above 190℃, the STC of MIP-CGP process was 5.60% while that of DCC process was 19.10%. The reasons of having lower naphtha sulfur content with MIP technology were discussed as well. It could be attributed mainly to the following two aspects: firstly, the strong hydrogen transfer reaction trend in the second reaction zone of MIP process might cause the transformation of sulfides into benzothiophene and H2S left naphtha fraction; secondly, the lower olefin content of MIP naphtha might suppress the formation of sulfides.

RESEARCH OF AMMONIA REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER BY VACUUM DESORPTION

Wang Zhen-Yu

2007, 38(11): 20-24. doi:

Asbtract ( 1962 )

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The effects of test conditions on the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater with high ammonia content were studied by vacuum desorption method. Results showed that the pH value of wastewater and the temperature of jacket heating water were the main influential factors. When treating wastewater with a NH3 content of 5 000 mg/L using a vacuum column packed with 4 mm θ stainless steel packing, under the conditions of a wastewater pH value of 12, a jacket-water temperature of 50℃, a vacuum degree of 7.9 kPa, a feed rate of 20 mL/min, the once-through removal rate of ammonia reached 87.2% and an average ammonia removal rate of 86.2% was obtained from continuous experiments.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF ALKALI WASTE REGENERATION UNDER OXYGEN-ENRICHED CONDITION AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AT LPG SWEETENING UNIT

2007, 38(11): 25-28. doi:

Asbtract ( 2012 )

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Oxygen-enriched oxidative regeneration technique was substituted the conventional air oxidation process at the 120 kt/a LPG sweetening unit of FCCU of Xian Petrochemical Company. Measures including oxygen-enriched air used as oxidant source, using a gas-liquid distributor to replace the packing in oxidation column and etc., were adopted. The application results showed that as compared with the conventional oxidation process, the oxidation efficiency of alkali waste regeneration was improved significantly; the separation of bisulfide from alkali liquor was good, thus the bisulfide content in tail gas was reduced and the service life of alkali liquor was prolonged. The cost of LPG sweetening reduced 68%, and environmental benefit was significant as well.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS IONS ON THE DEGRADATION OF HYDROLYZED POLYACRYLAMIDE BY FENTON TECHNIQUE

2007, 38(11): 29-32. doi:

Asbtract ( 1965 )

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The influence of three various Fenton oxidation techniques on the degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was studied at ambient temperature, and UV/ Fenton/C4H4O62- was found to be the best among the three techniques. The effect of various ions in the wastewater on the degradation of HPAM was investigated using Fenton/C4H4O62- reagent having stoichiometric ratios of [H2O2]: [Fe2+]: [C4H4O62-] = 10:1:1. The results showed that some negative effects were observed on the degradation of HPAM by the tested ions, under the testing conditions, the influence of these ions was in the order of Cl->Na+>SO42-.

STUDY ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION PROPERTY OF POLYMERIC POUR POINT DEPRESSANT FOR CRUDE OIL

ZHANG Hong

2007, 38(11): 33-36. doi:

Asbtract ( 2013 )

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The characteristic groups of polymeric pour point depressant (PPD) were analyzed by FT-IR and NMR techniques. The crystallization properties of various types of wax and PPD were measured by XRD. The results showed that the formation of wax crystal in crude oil was closely related with the crystallization properties of PPD, the dispersion of wax crystals was varied with the various crystallinities of PPD, thus the pour point reduction of crude oil was altered with PPD. When the crystallization properties of wax and PPD were well coordinated, the dispersion of wax crystals in crude oil was uniform and the reduction of system pour point and viscosity were significant. Investigation on the thermal behavior and cold-flow property of crude oil containing PPD validated the above conclusion.

STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF N-LAUROYL ALANINE AS LUBE OIL ADDITIVE

2007, 38(11): 37-40. doi:

Asbtract ( 2296 )

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N-lauroyl alanine was synthesized under alkali conditions, and its structure was characterized by FT-IR． Using N-lauroyl alanine as lube oil additive, the effect of N-lauroyl alanine on the biodegradation of HVI 350 mineral base oil was studied, and its tribological behavior was evaluated by a four-ball friction tester．The results showed that the degradation of HVI 350 base oil was effectively accelerated by N-lauroyl alanine; the lube oil exhibited good anti-wear and friction-reducing performance, improved load-carrying capacity, as well as excellent corrosion resistance and anti-rust property, which indicated that N-lauroyl alanine is an environmental friendly, multi-functional lubricating additive.

AXIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF SOLIDS HOLDUP IN A RISER-FLUIDIZED BED COMPOUND REACTOR

Wang De-Wu

2007, 38(11): 41-45. doi:

Asbtract ( 2105 )

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A large scale cold model device of riser-fluidized bed compound reactor was set up based on the olefin reduction technology with auxiliary reactor for FCC naphtha upgrading. The axial distributions of pressure gradient and averaged cross-sectional solids holdup in the riser were measured using a multi-point pressure-density apparatus. The results show that the axial distributions of solids holdup in the riser are characterized by C type distributions with larger solids holdup value at the top and bottom sections, and smaller value in the middle section. The riser can be divided into three zones along the longitude according to the axial particles movement pattern, i.e., accelerating zone, full developing zone and back-mixing zone. The averaged cross-sectional solids holdup in the riser increases with the increase of solids overall circulating flux and decreases with the increase of superficial gas velocity. The static bed height of particles in the fluidized bed located at the exit of the riser has influence on the solids holdup in the back-mixing zone, but has little effect on the length of the back-mixing zone and the solids holdup below the back-mixing zone. Furthermore, empirical model for estimating the axial distributions of averaged cross-sectional solids holdup and the maximum back-mixing ratio of particles in the back-mixing zone was established based on the experimental data and theoretical analysis, respectively. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Present Satus and Research Prospect of Tray Technology

2007, 38(11): 46-51. doi:

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The present status of tray technology is reviewed focusing on the principle and structure characteristics of the latest float valve tray, novel screen opening tray, stereo-jet tray, compounded tray and tray designed for specific feed system. As compared with the conventional types of tray, these novel trays exhibited lower pressure drop, lower entrainment, higher throughput, more flexible in operation and higher plate efficiency. Finally, the future research and development of various trays are discussed.

OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT RECOVERY IN A REFINERY

2007, 38(11): 52-55. doi:

Asbtract ( 1711 )

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Optimizing the utilization of low temperature heat (LTH) in a refinery was introduced, such as using LTH from FCC unit instead of steam to heat up water as heat source for the re-boiler of gas separator and etc. Through utilizing heat by grading, the energy consumption and heat recovery in the whole refinery were optimized, and significant economic benefit was obtained, e.g. 139.2 GJ/h heat was withdrawn from FCC unit and 34.1 t/h steam was saved at gas separation device.

Distribution and occurrence characteristic of iron in Liaohe VR

Zou Ying

2007, 38(11): 60-64. doi:

Asbtract ( 1617 )

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The iron distribution and transfer character in Liaohe VR(vacuum redidue) was studied in the process of its separation and absorption, acid solution extraction and mild chemical oxidation degradation of the asphaltene. The results showed that nearly 90% of iron concentrated in asphaltene and resin fractions. Some iron existed in the formation of carboxylates and phenoxide with short branched chain. Some was linked to the branched chain of asphaltene or included in the macromolecular of asphaltene.

APPLICATION OF PROCESS SIMULATION WITH ASPEN PLUS SOFTWARE AT THE MAIN FRACTIONATOR OF RFCCU

2007, 38(11): 65-68. doi:

Asbtract ( 2281 )

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Problems, such as unstable product quality, high end point of naphtha, low outlet temperature of top pump-around reflux and poor utilization of low temperature heat, occurred at the main fractionator of the RFCCU II of SINOPEC Luoyang Company. A process simulation model of said main fractionator was set up with Aspen Plus software to study the causes of problems and to propose suggestions for troubleshooting and process optimization. After adopting these suggestions, the product quality was easy to be controlled, the operation was more flexible and energy consumption was reduced.

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