PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

STRIVING FOR ESTABLISHING ENERGY AND RESOURCE SAVING REFINERIES WITH HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT

2007, 38(10): 1-6. doi:

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Abstract This paper briefed the operating circumstances of domestic refining industry in 2005, described the progress inside the petrochemical industry in terms of regionalization, centralization, growth of refinery scale and rising of refining bases, and discussed the top challenges faced by refining industry in terms of resource availability and tightening of environmental regulation. The key elements of establishing both energy and resource saving Refinery Corporation were discussed and proposed too. To achieve this goal, improvements in many areas were involved, such as the adoption of advanced process and engineering technology, adjustment of refining scheme based on the shift of processing more and more imported crudes instead of domestic supplies, deep upgrading of the residue and etc. At the same time, the goal would be achieved by improving the efficiency of utilizing resources and energy, optimizing resources utilization, lowering process water usage, reducing effluent stream and contaminants, as well as boosting the integration with chemical complex, the increase of industry concentration ratio and the employment of large scale equipments.

STUDY ON THE MIP PROCESS FOR REDUCING DRY GAS AND COKE YIELDS

2007, 38(10): 7-11. doi:

Asbtract ( 2016 )

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Investigation of reducing dry gas and coke yields in catalytic cracking process was carried out at a fixed fluidized bed unit in laboratory. The test results showed that the appropriate ways to increase conversion at relatively low conversion and high conversion were increase reaction temperature and increase cat/oil ratio, respectively. The above results were validated by the pilot plant test data. At similar conversions, when the temperature of regenerated catalyst decreased from 720℃ to 610℃ and the cat/oil ratio increased from 5.0 to 5.5, the reductions of dry gas and coke yields were 16.20% and 16.81%, respectively. Thus, the key point to develop new MIP process for reducing dry gas and coke yields is to decreasse the regenerated catalyst temperature, and to proper adjust the regenerated catalyst temperature and the cat/oil ratio.

COMMERCIALIZATION OF SULFOLANE EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION PROCESS IN HAINAN REFINERY

Xun-Cheng Chen Wen-Cheng TANG

2007, 38(10): 12-15. doi:

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Abstract Sulfolane extractive distillation process was successfully commercialized at the 210kt/a benzene extraction unit of Hainan Refinery. The operation results showed that the benzene purity and recovery rate were 99.99% and 99.67%, respectively; the crystallizing point of benzene was 5.43℃. The energy and material consumption of the unit was low, for instance, the steam and sulfolane consumption for processing per ton feed was 0.538 t and less than 1 g, respectively. Besides, some problems and solutions during the operation, such as isolation from oxygen and control of chlorine content to suppress the degradation of sulfolane and proper adjusting the clay activity during the purification of benzene, were introduced.

STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FUEL FROM VEGETABLE OIL BY CONTINUOUS-FLOW REACTIVE DISTILLATION TECHNIQUE

Liu Xiao-Xin Jian-Bo Hu Ze-Xue Du

2007, 38(10): 16-20. doi:

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Continuous-flow reactive distillation technique was used to prepare biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil. The results showed that said technique exhibited faster reaction rate, higher conversion, better selectivity and easier separation of glycerol as compared with the conventional CSTR technique. As a result, to reach the same conversion a single stage transesterification was needed instead of two or three reaction stages.

Transesterification of rapeseed oil to biodiesel using calcium methoxide catalyst

PIAO Xiang-Lan

2007, 38(10): 21-24. doi:

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Transesterification of rapeseed oil to biodiesel with methanol using calcium methoxide as a solid base catalyst was investigated. The surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter and thermal stability of calcium methoxide catalyst were measured. The effects of various parameters, such as reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil and molar ratio of methanol to oil on the biodiesel yield was studied and the reaction conditions were optimized. The results showed that calcium methoxide exhibited strong basicity and good thermal stability. Under the optimal reaction conditions of a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 22, a catalyst dosage of 2.0%, a reaction temperature of 65℃ and a reaction time of 2.5 h, the yield of obtained biodiesel reached 95%.

STUDY ON THE SLURRY-BED HYDROCRACKING REACTIONS OF THE MIXTURE OF COAL-TAR AND LUNGU HEAVY OIL

2007, 38(10): 25-28. doi:

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COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF PROPYLENE ENHANCED DMMC-1 CATALYST FOR DCC PROCESS

2007, 38(10): 29-32. doi:

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The commercial trial of DMMC-1 catalyst, a catalyst developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing for DCC process to further enhance propylene yield, was carried out successfully in the DCC unit of SINOPEC Anqing Company. The commercial operation results showed that as compared with MMC-2 catalyst used in the base case, the propylene yield increased by 2.43 percentage points, coke yield reduced by 0.56 percentage points, the olefin content (FIA) in naphtha decreased by 4.8 volume percentage points under the similar feedstock and operation conditions.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF DOS CATALYST FOR REDUCING SULFUR AND OLEFIN CONTENTS OF FCC NAPHTHA

Dian-Guo HOU

2007, 38(10): 33-36. doi:

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DOS catalyst was a catalyst developed for reducing sulfur and olefin contents of FCC naphtha. The commercial trial of DOS catalyst was carried out successfully in the FCC unit of SINOPEC Jiujiang Company. The trial results showed that as compared with olefin reducing catalyst GRV-C, DOS catalyst exhibited higher yields of LPG, naphtha and total liquid products, and lower yields of dry gas and coke; the volume percentage of olefin in naphtha reduced 7.8 points; the sulfur distributed in naphtha reduced 19.4%; the ratio of sulfur in naphtha to sulfur in feed reduced 20.3%. Thus, DOS catalyst possessed high heavy oil crackability, good coke selectivity and having the function to reduce sulfur and olefin contents in cracked naphtha.

Preparation and Characterization of Rare Earth Solid Super Acid Catalyst SO42-/SnO2-CeO2

2007, 38(10): 37-41. doi:

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A new type of rare earth solid superacid catalyst SO42-/SnO2-CeO2 was prepared by sol-gel method and was characterized by XRD, TG-DTA and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. The catalytic performance of the prepared catalyst was evaluated by esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol, and the influences of preparation parameters, such as rare earth content, H2SO4 concentration and calcination temperature, on the catalytic properties were studied. Results showed that SO42-/SnO2-CeO2 catalyst prepared under the optimum conditions of a CeO2 mol percentage of 3%, impregnation with 2.0 mol/L H2SO4 and calcination at 600℃ for 3 h exhibited good catalytic activity. As compared with SO42-/SnO2 catalyst, less crystallization was observed, the amount of adsorbed organic compounds on the catalyst during esterification was reduced and the catalyst stability was improved. It was found that the catalyst could be reused for more than six times still with high catalytic activity.

APPLICATION OF HIGH-POWERED SELF-ADAPTIVE VALVE TRAY IN FCC UNIT

2007, 38(10): 42-45. doi:

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A new high-powered self-adaptive valve (HAVTH) tray integrated the high performance of fixed-valve tray and float-valve tray was developed and introduced. Based on the lab experimental results, HAVTH tray was used in the absorber and desorption tower of a fluid catalytic cracking unit successfully. The application results showed that the revamping well met the design target,the operation was flexible and the throughput could be increased, which provides good engineering experiences for the further commercial application of HAVTH tray.

STUDY ON THE FOULING CORROSION PROTECTION OF HIGH PRESSURE AIR COOLER IN HYDROCRACKING UNIT

Ren Xiaoguang

2007, 38(10): 46-49. doi:

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Investigation on the NH4Cl-NH4HS fouling corrosion of high pressure air cooler (HPAC) in hydrocracking unit of SINOPEC Maoming Company was carried out on a simulation test device using simulated corrosion medium to observe the influences of water injection modes and various corrosion inhibitors on the corrosion of HPAC. The results showed that the inhibition performance of compounded corrosion inhibitor, sodium polysulfide and benzotriazole, was significant; the key points in corrosion protection of HPAC were selecting proper water injection mode and corrosion resistance material; when processing high sulfur and nitrogen feed, the addition of corrosion inhibitor was recommended.

A REVIEW OF THE PREPARATION OF IMPREGNATING PITCH FROM PETROLEUM BASE FEEDSTOCK

2007, 38(10): 50-54. doi:

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The research and development of impregnating pitch home and abroad are reviewed，focusing on the technologies for producing impregnating pitch by taking the aromatic extract from lube base oil as raw material. According to the quality requirements of impregnating pitch, modification of feedstock is necessity. Thus, processes for feedstock modification are introduced as well. It can be seen that the production of impregnating pitch from petroleum base feedstock is feasible and it is an environmental friendly and economic approach.

STUDY ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF BORON CONTAINING BENZOTHIAZOLINETHIONE DERIVATIVE AS ADDITIVE IN RAPESEED OIL

2007, 38(10): 55-58. doi:

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A benzothiazolinethione derivative containing boron—N-methoxyl-2-benzothiazolinethione-N,N-diox-ethylamine borate (BTLB) was synthesized. The tribological performance of BTLB in rapeseed oil was evaluated by four-ball tester. The results showed that BTLB used as lube additive even at a low dosage range of 1.0~1.5% could improve the antiwear, friction reduction and extreme pressure properties of the base oil significantly. The morphologies of the worn surface of the tested steel balls were investigated by SEM technique. Results showed that as compared with the base case, the worn surface lubricated with BTLB was much uniform and smooth with shallow furrows, which indicated that BTLB possessed good anti-wear function.

STUDY ON THE KINETIC MODEL FOR NAPHTHA CRACKING IN RISER OF FDFCC PROCESS

Wu Fei-Yue WENG Hui-xin WENG LUO Shi-xian LUO

2007, 38(10): 59-63. doi:

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Based on the data collected from the 1# FCC Unit of SINOPEC Changling Company, the catalytic reaction behavior of naphtha in gasoline riser of FDFCC process is studied. According to the principle of lumped theory, the feed and product in gasoline riser based on distillation range and hydrocarbon group composition are divided into 9 lumps including gasoline saturated hydrocarbons (GS), gasoline olefins (GO), gasoline aromatics (GA), diesel oil (DI), LPG alkane (LP), LPG butene (LO4), LPG propylene (LO3), dry Gas (DR) and coke (CK). A 9 lumps kinetic model is established by reasonably simplifying the reaction network and 25 kinetic parameters are fitted. The model is validated by the product distributions of various feeds under various operating conditions. The results show that gasoline compositions and propylene yield in LPG can be predicted by said model quite well.

BIODESULFURIZATION OF ORGANIC SULFUR BY A NEWLY ISOLATED BACTERIAL STRAIN T1

2007, 38(10): 64-68. doi:

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A kind of bacterial strain, T1, having the function of converting dibenzothiophene (DBT) to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) was cultured and isolated from crude oil contaminated soil, and it was preliminarily identified as a member of Arthrobacter.sp. Strain. At a DBT concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, T1 bacterial strain exhibited high desulfurization activity. As compared with using sodium sulfate or dimethyl sulphoxide as the single sulfur source, when using DBT T1 was easy to be cultured and to exhibit its sulfur converting function. The existence of sodium sulfate and 2-HBP strongly suppressed the growth of T1 and its desulfurization activity, e.g. only a few 2-HBP was generated by strain in culture with a sodium sulfate initial concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, and the cell–growth of T1 slowed down significantly when the 2-HBP concentration reached 0.5 mmol/L.

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