Table of Content

12 August 2025, Volume 56 Issue 8

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EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF GREEN AND LOW-CARBON TRANSITION PATHWAYS FOR REFINING AND CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES

2025, 56(8):  1-6. 

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In depth analysis of the current situation of China's petrochemical industry and the challenges it faces under the "dual carbon" goal, it is pointed out that green and low-carbon transformation is the necessary path to achieve high-quality development of the petrochemical industry. Through specific cases of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) refining and chemical enterprises, the application effects of low-temperature heat utilization, equipment energy efficiency improvement, terminal electrification, process carbon reduction, digitalization and other technologies were demonstrated. The importance of the whole process energy optimization diagnosis mechanism was emphasized, and strategies such as collaborative development of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and park based operation were proposed, which can provide theoretical basis and practical reference for refining and chemical enterprises to achieve green and low-carbon transformation.

REASONS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR PRESSURE DROP INCREASE IN FIXED BED RESIDUE HYDROTREATING REACTOR

2025, 56(8):  7-12. 

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The main reason for the increase in pressure drop in the fixed bed reactor of three units(A,B,C) was analyzed.The analysis results of the spent catalyst from unit A showed that the deposition of Fe, Ca, and C in the catalyst bed layer led to a decrease in the porosity of the catalyst bed layer, and the pressure drop in the first reactor was increased. The analysis results of the spent catalyst from the seventh RUN of the series I of unit B indicated that the deposition of Fe and C in the catalyst bed led to a decrease in the porosity of the catalyst bed, and the pressure drop in the first reactor was increased. The expansion rate of the catalyst bed in up-flow reactor of the series I of unit C was relatively high in the second RUN, and the top catalyst particles would collide with the Johnson net or outlet collector on the upper part of the catalyst bed, resulting in an increase in pressure drop of the internal components and an increase in pressure drop of the reactor. The dust or finely ground catalyst generated by the friction of the catalyst in the up-flow reactor entered the second reactor, reducing the porosity of the catalyst bed and increasing the pressure drop in the second reactor. Corresponding measures were proposed to delay the increase in pressure drop for different reactors based on their main causes.

ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF EXCESSIVE SULFUR CONTENT IN DIESEL FROM STRAIGHT-RUN DIESEL HYDROCRACKING UNIT

Zhi-Hao LIU Lan WEI Yu-Yan A

2025, 56(8):  13-18. 

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In response to changes in market demand, the straight-run diesel hydrocracking unit increases the production of refined diesel by increasing the processing volume. However, the mass fraction of sulfur of diesel fluctuates abnormally, and it could up to more than 200 μg/g. A series of reasons for the excessive sulfur content of diesel were investigated in detail, such as insufficient depth of refining reaction, internal leakage of heat exchangers, material interconnection, incomplete removal of hydrogen sulfide, sample impurity interference and so on. The results showed that the large changes in diesel flow rate led to the disturbance of ferrous sulfide FeS accumulated in the low point position of the pipeline, which in turn led to the excessive sulfur content of diesel. By adopting a series of control measures such as standard adjustment range of operating parameters and adding a set of diesel filters, it ensured that mass fraction of sulfur in diesel fuel was stable and qualified (< 3.2 μg/g), and the expected goal of increasing the production of refined diesel fuel was achieved.

RESEARCH ON DEBOTTLENECKING SCHEME OF HEAVY OIL PROCESSING IN A 10-Mt/a REFINERY

2025, 56(8):  19-26. 

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A certain domestic refinery with a capacity of 10-Mt/a faces the problem of insufficient heavy oil processing capacity after the commissioning of the refinery-chemical integration project. Relying on the existing crude oil resources and actual facilities of the refinery, focusing on the heavy oil processing system, implement a comprehensive adjustment of the product structure. After comparing multiple schemes such as the construction of a new delayed coking unit and a new slurry-bed residual oil hydrogenation unit, the benefit calculation results indicate that the liquid yield of the newly constructed delayed coking unit is relatively low, and the price of the petroleum coke produced is also low, leading to lower benefits from adopting this scheme. The construction of the new slurry-bed residual oil hydrogenation unit resolves the issue of insufficient heavy oil processing capacity at the refinery, enabling the entire plant to cease production of heavy oil products such as asphalt and marine fuel oil.At the same time, a new diesel hydrocracking unit was built to treat the diesel of the whole plant, which reduced the diesel product and increased the materials of catalytic reforming, increased the output of p-xylene by 0.1 Mt/a, and increased the output of chemical light oil by more than 0.6 Mt/a, which is in line with the trend of "oil to chemicals" in the petrochemical industry.

STUDY ON Pd-Pt/Al2O3 CATALYST FOR REFORMATE DEOLEFINATION BY HYDROTREATING

2025, 56(8):  27-33. 

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Pd/Al₂O₃, Pt/Al₂O₃, and Pd-Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared using macroporous alumina as the support, and their performance in hydrodeolefination of reformate oil was evaluated. The catalysts were characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the Pd-Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited higher olefin removal activity compared to the Pd/Al₂O₃ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The S7 catalyst, with n(Pt)/n(Pd) ratio of 0.218, achieved an olefin removal rate of 99.4% and an aromatic loss rate of 0.1%. On the S7 catalyst, Pt and Pd primarily existed as atomic clusters with an average size of 1.6 nm, and both Pt and Pd were uniformly distributed from the center to the edge of the cross-section. Electron transfer from Pd species to Pt species occurred in the catalyst, indicating strong interactions between the Pd and Pt active components.

STUDY ON HC ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION PERFORMANCE OF Cu/β ZEOLITES

2025, 56(8):  34-41. 

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A series of Cu-modified β zeolites were prepared using the metal ion exchange method with β zeolite as the carrier. The effects of Cu loading on the hydrothermal structural stability, hydrocarbon (HC) adsorption performance, and oxidation performance of HC-trapping zeolites were investigated through characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, both before and after hydrothermal aging. The results indicate that an appropriate amount of Cu can be uniformly dispersed within the zeolite. The modified β zeolite exhibits significantly enhanced hydrothermal structural stability, increased C₃H₆ adsorption capacity and HC oxidation efficiency, while NH₂ adsorption capacity decreases. When the Cu mass fraction reaches 6.4%, the pore size of the β zeolite further decreases, leading to reduced C₇H₈ adsorption capacity and HC oxidation efficiency. After 60 hours of hydrothermal aging at 800 ℃, the modified zeolite achieves NH₃，C₃H₆, and C₇H₈ adsorption capacities of 0.989, 0.337, and 8.99 mg/g, respectively, with an HC oxidation efficiency of 71%, all of which are significantly superior to those of the hydrothermally aged H-β zeolite.

CATALYST PREPARATION AND PERFORMANCE STUDY FOR SELECTIVE TERMINAL METHYL REMOVAL VIA HYDROGENATION OF ETHYLBENZENE

2025, 56(8):  42-47. 

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The catalysts for selective terminal methyl removal via hydrogenation of aromatics were synthesized by modifying the carrier metal. The hydrodealkylation behavior of ethylbenzene over different catalyst systems was systematically investigated, and the optimal catalyst system was identified as Rh supported on an alumina (Al₂O₃) carrier through comparative analysis of reaction performance. Subsequently, the effects of Al2O3 support modification and active metal loading on catalytic performance were explored. The prepared catalysts were characterized using ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) and pyridine infrared spectroscopy (Py-FTIR). The results revealed that the introduction of K₂O as a modifier effectively suppressed the surface acidity of the Al₂O₃ carrier, thereby enhancing the selectivity for terminal methyl removal from C₂+ side chains in aromatics molecule. Among the synthesized K-modified Al₂O₃ catalysts, the 0.7% Rh-loaded catalyst exhibited the highest ethylbenzene conversion (60%) and optimal methyl removal selectivity. Notably, the molar ratio of toluene to benzene in the products increased to 5.9 under optimized conditions.Additionally, the effects of reaction pressure, temperature and hydrocarbon ratio conditions on catalytic performance were systematically investigated.

OXIDATION AND CRACKING CHARACTERISTICS OF C6 MOLECULES IN GASOLINE BY REAXFF MD SIMULATION

2025, 56(8):  48-58. 

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n-Hexane, 2-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, and 1-hexene were selected as model compounds for the C6 component in gasoline. The ReaxFF-MD method was used to simulate their oxidative cracking process at a temperature of 3000 K and an equivalent ratioof O₂ consumption of 1.0. The changes in the content of reactants, products (H₂O, CO, CO₂), key free radicals, and intermediates (C₂H₄, C₃H₆, .CH₃, CH₂O) in the system over time were statistically analyzed, and sensitivity analysis was conducted on CH₂O and CO. The preliminary reaction pathways for the oxidative cracking of six C₆ components were analyzed, as well as a unified subsequent oxidative cracking reaction pathway. The simulation results indicate that at the beginning of the reaction, all six C₆ components undergo simultaneous cracking and oxidation reactions;but before 200 ps of reaction, all six C₆ components mainly undergo cleavage reactions, and the generated free radicals and intermediates are mainly C₂H₄, C₃H₆, .CH₃; the molecular structure of C₆ component can affect the concentration peak of carbon containing free radicals or intermediates generated by its cracking, but the occurrence time of the same type of free radical or intermediate concentration peak is similar in different systems; as of 2000 ps of reaction, the conversion degree of C element in C₆ component is slightly higher than that of H element. Sensitivity analysis revealed that CH₂O is mainly produced by the dehydrogenation of intermediates CH₃O. and CH₃O₂., and is consumed through the dehydrogenation to form .CHO; CO is mainly produced through .CHO dehydrogenation and consumed through oxidation reactions with .OH and HO₂..

RESEARCH ON DESULFURIZATION RULES OF FIXED BED RESIDUE HYDROTREATING PROCESS

2025, 56(8):  59-66. 

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By analyzing the properties of the feedstock, main operating conditions and product properties in the later stage of residue oil hydroprocessing, the desulfurization rules and sulfur distribution during the hydrogenation process were explored. The results show that the sulfur in the mercaptans and sulfides of the light fractions (≤ 350 ℃) of the feedstock is relatively easy to remove, and the remaining refractory benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene are in the hydroprocessed heavy oil. The heavy fractions (>350℃) of the feedstock contain a large amount of thiophene and cyclic sulfide sulfur compounds, and the hydroprocessed heavy oil heavy fractions are mainly dibenzothiophene sulfides with an equivalent double bond number greater than or equal to 9. The mercaptans and thiophenes containing long-chain alkane structures have low conversion rates due to large steric hindrance. Increasing the cycloalkane substituents can reduce the steric hindrance and increase the conversion of the corresponding sulfur compounds. When the number of rings (cycloalkanes and aromatics) of the sulfur compounds increases to five or more, the conversion rate of the sulfur compounds begins to decrease significantly due to the internal diffusion effect.

SYNTHESIS OF Fe-MODIFIED LIGNIN-DERIVED ACTIVATED CARBON FOR ENHANCED ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALCr（Ⅵ）

2025, 56(8):  67-76. 

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To address the issue of heavy metal Cr（Ⅵ） pollution, lignin-based activated carbon (SLAC) was synthesized from sodium lignosulfonate via Fe modification for the purpose of removing Cr（Ⅵ） from aqueous solutions. The influences of the Fe addition ratio, calcination time, and calcination temperature on the Cr（Ⅵ） adsorption capacity of SLAC during its preparation were examined, and the preferred SLAC adsorbent was subjected to structural characterization. Furthermore, the effects of solution pH, initial Cr（Ⅵ） concentration, adsorption time, and adsorption temperature on the adsorption process were investigated, along with the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamic behavior, and recycling performance of the adsorbent for Cr（Ⅵ）. The results demonstrated that the optimized SLAC adsorbent achieved a 98.6% Cr（Ⅵ） removal efficiency at pH=1 and an initial concentration of 20 mg/L. Adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order models, and equilibrium data conformed to the Langmuir isotherm, with excellent recyclability observed over six cycles. The superior adsorption performance stems from enhanced Cr（Ⅵ） interaction via electrostatic attraction, oxygen-functional group complexation, and redox reactions, offering a promising solution for Cr（Ⅵ） removal from wastewater. This study provides novel insights into practical Cr（Ⅵ） treatment applications.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOLUENE DIFFUSION BEHAVIOR AND THE MESOPOROUS LEVEL OF ZSM-5 ZEOLITE

2025, 56(8):  77-85. 

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To study the correlation between the mass transfer performance and pore structure characteristics of industrial catalysis, ZSM-5 zeolites were treated with different concentrations of NaOH solutions to prepare a series of zeolite samples with different degrees of mesoporous(Z5/0.05Na, Z5/0.10Na, Z5/0.20Na, Z5/0.30Na). The pore structure and hydroxyl characteristic of the samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and in-situ infrared spectrometer, etc. Using toluene as a probe molecule, the influence of the mesoporous formation of samples on its diffusion behavior was evaluated. The results show that the ZSM-5 zeolites treated with NaOH solution exhibit obvious mesoporous characteristics. When the concentration of NaOH is in the range of 0.05-0.20 mol/L, the average pore diameter increases with the increase of alkali concentration. The desorption diffusion rate of toluene is positively correlated with the degree of mesoporous formation of the sample and desorption temperature. With the increase of the degree of mesoporous formation, the desorption diffusion rate of toluene accelerates, and the desorption activation energy decreases.

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OFSIMULATED MOVING BED ADSORPTION SEPARATION PROCESS BASED ON PARTICLE SWARM

2025, 56(8):  86-93. 

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To determine the optimal operating conditions for the simulated moving bed adsorption separation of para-xylene, a dynamic model of the simulated moving bed adsorption separation process for para-xylene was developed using Aspen Chromatography software, targeting the SINOPEC SorPX process. The model was optimized using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with objective functions focused on maximizing adsorbent productivity and minimizing desorbent consumption, as well as maximizing product purity and yield.After the model reached a cyclic steady state and under the premise of satisfying the constraints, the optimization results showed that maximizing adsorbent productivity and minimizing desorbent consumption could be successfully achieved, as an increase in adsorbent productivity led to a decrease in desorbent consumption. Conversely, the optimization results targeting maximum product purity and maximum product yield indicated that an increase in product purity correspondingly reduced product yield, suggesting that these two goals could not be optimized simultaneously but could still yield relatively optimal results.In conclusion, the product purity, product yield, adsorbent productivity, and desorbent consumption in the simulated moving bed adsorption separation process cannot be optimized simultaneously. Therefore, appropriate operating parameters should be selected based on actual production requirements.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION SOFTWARE EcSOS FOR STEAM CRACKING FURNACE

2025, 56(8):  94-100. 

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The laboratory evaluation data of steam cracking raw materials and the calibration data of industrial steam cracking furnaces (abbreviated as cracking furnace) were analyzed and integrated, and combined with computer simulation optimization technology, the steam cracking reaction network was constructed using the free radical reaction mechanism, and the raw material prediction model, tubular reactor reaction heat transfer model, furnace heat transfer model and reaction coke model were systematically developed. The EcSOS software for simulating and optimizing cracking furnaces with complete functions and friendly interface was developed. The results of industrial application of EcSOS software showed that the simulation calculation results were in good agreement with the actual production situation of industrial cracking furnaces and the results of laboratory steam cracking evaluation tests, the relative errors of ethylene and propylene yields were less than 2% and 3%, respectively, and the simulation optimization calculation time of the software was less than 0.5 h. The operation conditions of cracking furnace were optimized by using EcSOS software, and the yield of target products was effectively improved, and the operation cycle was prolonged by 3 d. The launch of EcSOS software filled the blank in this field in China, and promoted the digitalization and intellectualization of steam cracking technology in China.

APPLICATION OF DOUBLE EFFECT DISTILLATION IN GAS FRACTIONATION PROCESS

2025, 56(8):  101-106. 

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Using Aspen Plus V14 process simulation software, simulate the refinery gas fractionation process and verify the accuracy of the simulation process. Conventional single column distillation, co current double effect distillation, and counter current double effect distillation models were established for the propylene distillation unit. After simulation comparison, counter current double effect distillation was determined to be the best solution, and the purity of the refined propylene product reached 99.76%. The condenser heat load and reboiler heat load were reduced by 52.7% and 53.4%, respectively, compared to single column distillation. Preliminary optimization of countercurrent double effect distillation was carried out using sensitivity analysis tools; On this basis, further optimization was carried out using orthogonal experiments, and the optimal parameters for countercurrent double effect distillation were obtained as follows: The top extraction rate of the low-pressure tower was 62 kmol/h, the feed tray position of the low-pressure tower was the 46th plate (from top to bottom), the feed tray position of the high-pressure tower was the 42nd plate (from top to bottom), and the reflux molar ratio of the high-pressure tower was 14.

RESEARCH ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF ADVANCED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ALKYLATION UNITS

2025, 56(8):  107-114. 

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Taking the sulfuric acid alkylation process as the research object, an advanced control scheme for its key operational variables is systematically analyzed. The analysis results indicate that the core control parameter in the reaction section is the alkylene-to-olefin ratio, whose regulation requires balancing the energy consumption-production contradiction between enhancing recycled isobutane purity and reducing olefin feed rate, while coordinating fractionation responses through a dynamic compensation mechanism. The fractionation section focuses on establishing stable concentration gradients within the column, achieving coordinated optimization of product quality and energy consumption through reboiler heat optimization, online analysis of top/bottom compositions, and evaporation ratio regulation. A multidimensional advanced control strategy is proposed: precise alkylene-to-olefin ratio control based on online chromatography-material flow correlation; reaction temperature equilibrium control through coupled flash drum pressure-compressor speed regulation; and customized strategies including feedforward-feedback composite control for depropanizing columns and vapor pressure constraint strategies for debutanizing columns. The coupling optimization of system parameters with dynamic compensation mechanisms significantly enhances operational stability and reduces energy consumption. This research provides theoretical models and engineering guidance for safe and efficient operation of alkylation units.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE OF ASHLESS CORROSION INHIBITORS AND THE SALT SPRAY CORROSION RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE

2025, 56(8):  115-121. 

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Four typical corrosion inhibitors—N-acylsarcosine, phosphate ester amine salt, alkenyl succinic semi- ester, and imidazoline alkenyl succinate—were systematically investigated regarding their corrosion inhibition performance and effects on the high-temperature oxidative stability and lubrication properties of lubricatingoils.Experimental results demonstrated that the highly polar carboxamide bifunctional N-acylsarcosine-based corrosioninhibitor FY1 and ionic phosphate ester amine salt corrosioninhibitor FY2 with strong polarity exhibited significant efficacy in improving both salt spray corrosion resistance and seawater corrosion resistance of lubricating oils. However, lubricatingoils formulated with FY2 showed inferior anti-friction and anti-wear performance and high-temperature oxidative stability.Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the correlation between adsorption behavior of corrosion inhibitors and their corrosion resistance. The results revealed that lower adsorption energy of inhibitors correlates with superior corrosion resistance. For practical applications, N-acylsarcosine-based corrosion inhibitors can be preferentially selected to effectively address harsh operating conditions while enhancing the corrosion resistance of lubricating oils.

SYNTHESIS AND LUBRICATING PROPERTIES OF TEREPHTHALAMIDE DERIVATIVE THICKENER

2025, 56(8):  122-128. 

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Using dimethyl terephthalate and pyromellitic dianhydride as core structures and octadecylamine as terminal chains, two thickeners including octadecyl terephthalamide (C₁₈DA) and sodium octadecyl terephthalamate (C₁₈DA-COONa)featuring hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions were designed and synthesized. Their molecular structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, lubricating greases were prepared using C₁₈DA and C₁₈DA-COONa as thickeners, and their microstructures, lubricating performance, and extreme pressure properties were systematically investigated. Finally, the lubrication mechanisms of these thickeners were elucidated through quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations.Compared to C₁₈DA, C₁₈DA-COONa exhibits a higher melting point, enhanced viscosity, and superior thickening efficiency, with a greater tendency to self-assemble into stable three-dimensional network structures within the base oil.Grease formulated with C₁₈DA-COONa demonstrates significantly improved extreme pressure performance.Molecular simulations reveal that C₁₈DA-COONa generates stronger hydrogen-bonding interactions in the base oil system, facilitating the formation of helical nanofibers. This structural arrangement enhances thickening efficacy and imparts superior tribological properties to the lubricant.

SENSITIVITY OF ALKYL PHENOTHIAZINE WITH DIFFERENT BASE OILS AND COMPATIBILITYWITHTYPICALANTIOXIDANTS

2025, 56(8):  129-138. 

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The sensitivity characteristics of alkyl phenothiazine antioxidants in different types of base oils compared with traditional diphenylamine antioxidants were investigated by rotating oxygen bomb test and pressurized differential scanning calorimetry. The compounding pattern of alkyl phenothiazine antioxidants with other types of antioxidants was investigated，using the mixture design method in response to the initial oxidation temperature, oxidation induction period, and rotating oxygen bomb time. The results show that the antioxidant performance of alkyl phenothiazine insynthetic hydrocarbon base oils is better than that of traditional diphenylamine antioxidant,but opposite sensibility for polyol ester base oils. The combination of alkyl phenothiazine antioxidants and amine antioxidants L06 and L01 shows a synergistic effect in improving the initial oxidation temperature and the time of rotating oxygen bomb of oil products. Alkyl phenothiazine antioxidants only have synergistic effect with L01 in improving the oxidation induction time. In different antioxidant tests, the combination of alkyl phenothiazine antioxidant and phenolic antioxidant L135 all showed antagonistic effect.

APPLICATION RESEARCH ON VOCs CONTROL MEASURES FOR STORAGE TANKS

2025, 56(8):  139-148. 

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Vertical dome roof tanks and inner floating roof tanks are the most widely used oil storage tanks in petrochemical enterprises. Based on the factors affecting the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the two types of tanks, and based on the "Guidelines for VOCs Pollution Source Investigation in the Petrochemical Industry", a tank VOCs emission reduction strategy covering "source emission reduction, process control, and end of pipe treatment" is proposed. Taking the VOCs control of a storage tank in a petrochemical company in Xinjiang as an example, corresponding VOCs control measures have been formulated and implemented based on the characteristics of the tank, including equipment and facility renovation and upgrading, monitoring and early warning, maintenance and management, and waste gas treatment. By comprehensively applying these measures, it is possible to effectively reduce VOCs emissions from storage tanks and protect the environment, but there are still some issues that need to be addressed. Finally, the study identified the next step in the governance plan, which aims to further reduce the sources of VOCs leakage from storage tanks, lower emissions, and ensure that emissions meet standards. This will continuously improve the environmental air quality and achieve sustainable development goals.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS ON AROMATIC HYDROCARBON COMPLEX AND MEASURES FOR COST REDUCTION AND EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

2025, 56(8):  149-156. 

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As a typical high-energy consumption unit, the aromatic hydrocarbon complex has a large energy-saving space. To further improve the economic benefits of the unit and reduce its operating costs, an analysis was conducted on the energy consumption composition of a company's aromatics complex to determine the main sources of energy consumption for the aromatics unit. Through energy analysis of the unit, the main direction of energy-saving efforts is to increase the production of aromatic hydrocarbon products and control the consumption of fuel, steam, and electricity. Based on the actual production and operation situation, the energy-saving and consumption reducing methods for aromatic hydrocarbon complex units were explored. By increasing the production capacity of the unit, adjusting the product structure, improving the thermal efficiency of the heating furnace, and applying low-temperature waste heat recovery technology, the production efficiency of the unit can be effectively improved, the production cost of the unit can be reduced, and the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency of aromatic hydrocarbon complex units can be achieved.

TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL DEFLECTOR FAILURE IN ETHYLBENZENE DEHYDROGENATION REACTOR

2025, 56(8):  157-162. 

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Through a systematic analysis of the process, operation, equipment, and design, combined with the actual working conditions, an in-depth study was conducted on the failure of the internal deflector in the dehydrogenation reactor of a styrene unit. The analysis identified overpressure, improper operation, and inherent design defects as the primary causes of deflector failure. By optimizing the design, performing structural repairs, and improving operational procedures, the recurrence of equipment failure was effectively mitigated. The results indicate that, these improvements significantly enhanced the operational stability of the internal deflector in the dehydrogenation reactor, thereby increasing the safety and reliability. This study provides valuable reference for the design and operational control of similar equipment.

STUDY ON THE VOLATILE LINE HYDROCHLORIC ACID DEW POINT CORROSION CHARACTERISTICS IN THE OVERHEAD REFLUX SYSTEM OF AN ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION TOWER

2025, 56(8):  163-170. 

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Hydrochloric acid dew point corrosion is a key factor contributing to the failure of overhead vapor line tube bundles in atmospheric distillation towers of refining and petrochemical units. To address this issue, the dew point temperature and pH of the acidic liquid under given operating conditions were determined using Aspen Plus simulations. The immersion corrosion and dew point corrosion test apparatus were constructed, and the corrosion resistance of No.20 carbon steel, 316L stainless steel, and TA2 titanium was evaluated in hydrochloric acid liquid and vapor environments (pH=2.5). Corroded samples were characterized through electrochemical techniques, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma analysis. Experimental results indicate that in the liquid hydrochloric acid phase, the corrosion resistance of the tested materials follows the order: TA2 titanium > 316L stainless steel >No.20 carbon steel. However, in the vapor phase, titanium struggles to passivate and form a protective film in the acidic environmentwith low water content, leading to a revised corrosion resistance ranking as: 316L stainless steel > TA2 titanium >No.20 carbon steel. This study provides valuable insights into the corrosion behavior of materials under both liquid and vapor phase conditions, offering a reference for understanding and mitigating dew point corrosion in the overhead reflux system of atmospheric distillation towers in refining operations.

MICROEMULSION AND ITS APPLICATION IN TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY

2025, 56(8):  171-178. 

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With the increasing domestic demand for reservoir resources and the advancement of development technologies, the production and development of low-permeability, high-salinity, and heavy oil reservoirs have gained increasing attention. Primary and secondary oil recovery methods can only produce a limited amount of crude oil. Therefore, the characteristics of small particle size, low interfacial tension, and strong solubilization capacity make microemulsions effective in enhancing oil production and efficiency in reservoirs.This paper introduces the basic composition, formation theory, preparation methods, and research progress of microemulsions both domestically and internationally. It analyzes the mechanisms of microemulsion flooding, in-situ microemulsion flooding, and microscopic mechanism of microemulsion flooding for enhanced oil recovery. The application of microemulsification chemical flooding technology in reservoir resources is introduced briefly. The aim is to pave new pathways for reservoir exploitation and ultimately form a supporting system to continuously improve crude oil recovery rates.

CHARACTERIZATION AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS OF STRONG METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTION AND ITS APPLICATION PROGRESS

2025, 56(8):  179-188. 

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Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) occupies a core position in catalysis research and plays a crucial role in modulating the performance of metal-supported catalysts. By changing the geometric structuresand electronic structures of the active metal components in supported catalysts, the SMSI effect can enhance catalytic activity and selectivity for target products, as well as improve catalyst stability.A detailed discussion on the characterization techniques, typical features, construction strategies, and applicable scenarios of the SMSI effect was presented. The progress of SMSI in the fields of energy conversion, environmental protection, and fine chemical synthesis were reviewed, and its catalytic mechanisms was explored. In the future, more efficient characterization techniques need to be developed to deeply reveal the formation mechanism of SMSI effect. In addition, the application areas of SMSI effect should be expanded to meet the catalysis needs of different industrial scenarios and environments.

THE CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT SUGGESTIONS OF ROAD ASPHALT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN CHINESE REFINERIES

2025, 56(8):  189-197. 

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With the continuous expansion of the scale of road construction in China, the demand for road asphalt has been increasing. This paper reviews the current situation of road asphalt production technology in Chinese refineries, the problems faced, and development suggestions. In response to the problems faced during the production process in refineries, such as unstable supply and quality of raw materials, insufficient emphasis on asphalt products, and difficulties in technological innovation and upgrading, suggestions are put forward, including optimizing the selection and management of crude oil, strengthening energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection measures, and improving the level of quality control and analysis. The aim is to promote the progress of road asphalt production technology in China, improve product quality, enhance market competitiveness, and contribute to the construction of transportation infrastructure and the sustainable development of the industry.