CO2空气直接捕集吸附材料研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为应对碳排放引起的气候变化，CO₂固体吸附剂迎来发展高峰。为探讨各类吸附剂在CO₂空气直接捕集（DAC）领域的应用潜力，综述了碳基吸附剂、金属氧化物吸附剂、金属有机骨架（MOFs）吸附剂、分子筛吸附剂等各类吸附剂的制备及其吸附CO₂性能，发现：碳基吸附剂合成简便，原料广泛，经过改性能够产生较好的吸附效果，但使用寿命有待延长；金属氧化物吸附剂容量大，反应快，但吸、脱附温度高，使用能耗大；MOFs吸附剂适配各类活性物质，改性效果好，但受限于工艺难度和原料成本，难以规模化使用；分子筛吸附剂可高效处理低浓度CO₂，且合成、再生技术成熟。综合来看，分子筛吸附剂最具DAC应用潜力，通过优化分子筛的合成、改性技术，研究分子筛吸附-再生工艺流程，可实现高效益的DAC规模化应用。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 空气直接捕集, 吸附剂, 改性

Abstract: To address climate change caused by carbon emissions, CO₂ solid adsorbents have entered a peak development period. To compare the application potential of various adsorbents in carbon dioxide direct air capture technology(DAC), the modification and properties of carbon-based adsorbents, metal-based adsorbents, metal-organic framework(MOFs) adsorbents, molecular sieve adsorbents, as well as resin and sepiolite adsorbents are analyzed. The study reveals that carbon-based adsorbents feature simple synthesis and wide-ranging raw materials. After modification, they can exhibit favorable adsorption performance, but their service life needs improvement. Metal-based adsorbents show high adsorption capacity and rapid reaction kinetics, yet their high adsorption/desorption temperatures lead to substantial energy consumption. MOFs adsorbents are adaptable to various active substances, demonstrating good modification effects, but they are constrained by process difficulties and raw material costs, hindering large-scale application. Molecular sieve adsorbents can efficiently treat low-concentration CO₂, with mature synthesis and regeneration technologies. Comprehensively, molecular sieve adsorbents show the greatest application potential in DAC. Through optimizing the synthesis and modification technologies of molecular sieves and investigation the adsorption-regeneration process flow, high-benefit large-scale application of DAC can be achieved.

Key words: carbon dioxide, direct air capture, adsorbent, modification

舒诺秦旭东姜伟丽周红军. CO₂空气直接捕集吸附材料研究进展[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2025, 56(12): 155-166.

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CO₂空气直接捕集吸附材料研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF ADSORPTION MATERIALS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE DIRECT CAPTURE FROM AIR

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