脱油沥青资源化利用研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 脱油沥青（DOA）是溶剂脱沥青过程产生的副产物，具有杂原子含量高、金属含量高、沥青质含量高、软化点高、结构复杂等特点。随原油重质化程度加剧，DOA产量持续增长，其资源化利用已成为炼化行业绿色转型的关键环节。系统梳理了DOA生产工艺、化学组成与结构特性，重点总结其在建筑材料、能源转化及高性能碳材料领域的应用进展，剖析当前存在的技术瓶颈、经济性制约与环境风险，指出未来应聚焦绿色改性、高值化路径拓展及多工艺集成联产策略，推动DOA从低价值副产物向高价值产品转变，从而为重油全组分高效利用提供支撑，有力促进溶剂脱沥青工艺可持续发展。

关键词: 脱油沥青, 溶剂脱沥青, 资源化利用, 道路工程材料, 碳材料

Abstract: Deoiled asphalt (DOA) is a by-product generated from the solvent deasphalting process, characterized by high heteroatom content, high metal content, high asphaltene content, high softening point, and complex structure. As the heavy feedstock trend of crude oil intensifies, DOA production continues to grow, making its resource utilization a critical link in the green transformation of the refining and petrochemical industry. This review systematically summarizes the preparation process, chemical composition, and structural characteristics of DOA, with emphasis on its application advances in three major domains: building materials, energy conversion, and high-performance carbon materials. Current technical bottlenecks, economic constraints, and environmental risks are analyzed. It is pointed out that future efforts should focus on green modification, expansion of high-value utilization pathways, and multi-process integrated co-production strategies, to promote the transformation of DOA from a low-value by-product to a high-value product, thereby supporting efficient utilization of all heavy oil components and vigorously promoting the sustainable development of the solvent deasphalting process.

Key words: deoiled asphalt, solvent deasphalting, resource utilization, road engineering materials, carbon materials

王兴越宋乐春李志军韩青英范思远. 脱油沥青资源化利用研究进展[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(9): 158-163.

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